28 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



from which they arise, which are known as nodes {fig. 38 c, c, c). 

 Each node may produce one leaf or more, and in the axils of the 

 foliage leaves or the angle formed between the stem and leaf a 

 branch or branches may arise. The branch in many cases is not 

 developed far, though it is always indicated. The spaces between 

 the nodes, which are always naked, are called iniernodes 

 {fig. 38, d, d). The difference in appearance between the nodes 

 and internodes is most evident in those cases where the 

 internodes are clearly developed, and especially if under such 

 circumstances the leaf or lea\ es which arise encircle the stem, 

 as in the Bamboo and other Grasses ; in such plants each leaf 



Fig. 37. 



Fig. 38. 



Fig. 39. 



Fig. 37. A shoot one year old of the Hovsechestniit, with terminal bud. 

 a. Scar produced by the falling off of the bud-scales of the previous year. 

 6, 6. Scars caused by tlie falling off of the petioles of the leaves of the 

 present year, with buds, r, in their axils. Fig. 38. Diagram to illus- 

 trate the growth of the slioot from the bud. c, c, c. The nodes where the 



leaves are situated, d, d. The internodes developed between them. 



Fig. 39. Shoot of the Lilac {Syringa vulgaris), showing suppression of 

 the terminal bud, and two lateral buds in its place {false dicholomy). 



causes the formation of a hardened ring externally, and thus 

 produces the appearance of a joint or articulation, and indeed, 

 in some cases, the stem does easily separate into distinct por- 

 tions at these joints, as in the common Pink, in which case 

 it is said to be jointed or articulated. 



At the apex of the main stem and of all its branches we find 

 the surface covered over by the young leaves, which, growing 

 faster than the stem itself, roof it over and protect it. The apex 

 of the stem is never covered by a cap like that of the root. The 

 growth of the stem in length is confined to the young internodes, 

 and at first these remain short, the nodes being compressed 

 together. The leaves at first grow most strongly on their lower 



