GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OP THE PLANT 35 



parts of the plant, as on the root, the woody portion of the 

 stem, the leaves, and other organs. Thus, when a tree is pol- 

 larded, that is, when the main branches and the apex of the 

 trunk are cut off, and a great quantity of nutritive materials 

 consequently accumulates in the latter, a multitude of adventi- 

 tious buds are formed, from which branches are developed. 

 The branches thus produced by pollarding are, however, to a 

 certain extent, also supplemented by the development of regular 



Fiu. 47 



FiQ. 48. 



Fig. 49, 



Fig. 47. Branch of a species of -Maple with tliree buds 



a, placed side by side. Fuj. 48. A piece of a 



branch of the Wabmt-tree. p. The petiole having 

 in its axil a number of buds placed oue above the 



other, the uppermost, &, most developed. Fig. 49. 



A piece of a branch of the Tartarian Honeysuckle 

 (.Loniccra tartarica), bearing a leaf,/, with numerous 

 buds, S, in its axil, placed above one another, the 

 lowermost being the most developed. 



buds which have become dormant fiom some cause having 

 hitherto interfered with their growth. 



Leaves bearing buds are called proliferous. Such buds 

 may be produced artificially on various leaves, such as those 

 of species of Oesnera, Qloxinia, Begonia, by the infliction of 

 wounds, and by afterwards placing them in a moist soil, and 

 exposing them to the other influences which are favourable for 

 the growth of buds. The buds developed on the leaves, in such 

 cases, ultimately form independent plants, and this process is 

 therefore constantly resorted to by gardeners as a means of 

 propagation. These adventitious buds differ from those com- 

 monly produced in the axils of leaves, or at least from those 

 which remain dormant during the winter, in being smaller, and 

 having no external protective organs or scales (figs. 45-46). 



3. Accessory Buds. — The third cause of irregularity in the 



