72 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



forms occur. The pedate leaf (fig. 104) is a variety of the pal- 

 mate ; the branching here is cymose ; the apex of the epipodium 

 forms the largest lobe ; from under it a branch proceeds on 

 each side ; from under each of these a single branch is given off 

 on the lateral flank, which itself bears another arising similarly. 

 The wings of the epipodium and its branches are all united at their 

 bases, but the union extends further towards the apices of the 

 youngest lateral ones. The name is derived from a fanciful re- 

 semblance to the claw of a bird. 



Besides the above modifications of palmately veined leaves, 

 other variations also occur, in consequence of the lobes or seg- 

 ments of the lamina becoming themselves branched either in a 

 pinnate or palmate manner, and terms are used accordingly. 



Fig. 129. Fig. 130. 



Fig. 129. Leaflet of a species nf Casnia, It is obovate in figure or outline, 



soniewhiit oblirine at the base, anrl emarginate at its apex. Firj. 130. 



Brancli of tlie Tulip-tree {Lirioilfnilmn hiUpifera) with flower and leaves. 

 Tlie lattf.- terminate abruptly, hence they are said to be tniitcfite. 



the application of which will be at once evident from what has 

 been already stated. 



3. Apc.r. — This varies much in the blades of different leaves. 

 Thus the apex is obtuse or bhmf when it is rounded {figs. 138 

 and 140), as in the Primrose ; it is retvsc when it is obtuse with 

 a broad shallow notch in the middle, as in the Ited Whortleberry 

 (Vaceinium Vitii-idcea) and the leaflets of Logwood; when 

 under the same circumstances the notch is sharp, or nearly 

 triangular, it is emarginate, as in some species of Cassia {fig. 

 129), and in the common Box {Btixus sempervirens) . When 

 the lamina terminates very abruptly, as if it had been cut across 

 in a straight line, the apex is truncate, as in the leaf of the 

 Tulip-tree {fig. 130) ; if under the same circumstances the 

 termination is ragged and irregular, as if it had been bitten off, 



