MOBPHOLOGY OF KEPEODUCTIVE ORGANS 103 



squamous or scaly. The bracts of the pistillate flowers of the 

 Hop (fig. 216) are of similar character. 



When a circle or whorl of bracts is placed around one flower, 

 as in the Marsh-mallow {ficj. 193) and Strawberry (fig. 194), or 

 around a number of flowers, as in the Carrot (fig. 196) and most 

 other Umbelliferous plants, they form what is termed an invo- 

 hicre. In some Umbelliferous plants, as, for instance, the Carrot 

 (fig. 196), there are two involucres, one at the base of the primary 

 divisions of the floral axis or general umbel, a; and another at 

 the base of each of the partial umbels or umbelhiles, 6, h ; the 

 former is tlien called the general involucre ; and each of tlie 

 latter an involucel or partial involucre. In plants of the 



Fin. lii.". 



Fig. IflH. 



Fig. 195. Stamiuate or male catkin oi the Hazel ( Coryllis Avellana ), showing 



a number of scaly bracts between tlie flowers. Fig. 196. Oompound 



nmbel of the Carrot (Dauciu Carota). a. General inToliicre. 6, S. Partial 

 involucres or involucels. 



natural order Composite, such as the Marigold (fig. 197), 

 Artichoke, Chamomile, and Daisy, and in some allied orders, 

 a somewhat similar arrangement of bracts takes place, and the 

 name of involucre is also applied in these cases. In the 

 involucres of the Composite there are frequently two or three 

 rows of bracts thus overlapping one another ; the constituent 

 bracts of these latter involucres have been termed phyllaries. 

 Sometimes the bracts of an involucre grow together at their 

 bases, and form ultimately a sort of cup shaped body surround- 

 ing the fruit, as the cup of the Acorn (fig. 198) and the husk 

 of the Filbert or Hazel-nut (fig. 199) ; they then form what is 

 called a cttj)t(?f. 



