104 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



Fig. 197. 



When abract is of large size and surrounds, as a kind of sheath, 

 one or a number of flowers, so as to completely enclose them 



while they are young, as in 

 the Iris, Narcissus, Snowflake 

 {fig. 200), the common Arum 

 or Cuckoo-pint (Ag, 201), 

 and Palms [fig. 218), it is 

 called a spathe. The spathe 

 is generally found surround- 

 ing the kind of inflorescence 

 called a spadix, as in the 

 Arum {fig. 201) and Palm 

 {fig. 218) ; it is also very 

 common in other Mono- 

 cotyledons. The spathe may 

 be either green like an 

 ordinary leaf, as in the 

 Ouokoo-pint ; or coloured, as 

 in Bichardia aitluopica. In 

 some Palms these spathes 

 are of great length, some- 

 times even as much as twenty 



Fig. 197. Capitulum of Marigold {Calen- 

 dula), showing tile flowers enclosed in 

 an involucre. 



Fie. 198. 



Fig. 199. 



Fig. 198. Fruit of the Oak {Quercns Robur), surrounded by a cupule. 

 Fig. 199. Fruit of the Hazel ( Corylus Avfllaua ), with a cupule at its base. 



feet ; and as many as 200,000 flowers have been counted in them. 

 Sometimes the spadix of a Palm branches {fig. 218), and then 



