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MANUAL OF BOTANY 



teeth. The cup may be cleft nearly to the base, or the teeth 

 may be very small and almost inconspicuous. The corolla, 

 again, may be evidently detachable as a single structure. The 

 teeth may be regular or irregular in size and shape, giving rise 

 to many forms v^hich will be described in detail later. The 

 staminal whorl is less frequently affected by this coalescence, 

 but it is extremely common in the pistil. 



When a perianth whorl is made up of separate leaves it is 

 said to h& polysepalous, or eleutherosepalous, eleutheropetalows, 

 &c. "When the leaves are not free from each other, it is called 

 gamo-sepalous or -petalous. When the stamens are united thus 

 by their filaments, they- are said to be monadelplious, as in the 



Fig. 263. 



Fig. 264. 



Fig. 265. 



Fig. 263. Diagram of the flower of a species of Phimbago. Fig. 264. 



ilonadelphous stamens of Malva. Fig. 265. Triadelplious stamens of a 



species of Hypericum. 



Mallow {fig- 264). Sometimes the apparent union does not in- 

 clude all the stamens, but these are gathered together into two 

 or more bundles or phalanges, as in Hypericum {fig. 265). 



A pistil whose carpels are distinct is said to be apocarpous, 

 as in the Buttercup and Pheasant's-eye ; one in which they are 

 united is called syncarpous, as in the Lily. The union may be 

 confined to the ovary, or may extend to the style and stigma. 



Sometimes the coalescence of the members of the whorl 

 involves also those of the next whorl above it. Thus, in the 

 Lily-of-the-vaUey both perianth whorls, which were originally 

 alternating with each other, have all coalesced into a six-toothed 

 bell, appearing like a gamopetalous corolla. These are said to 

 be gamophyllous. 



In Sosa, Potentilla, and a few other plants of the same 

 family, the cohesion of the sepals is still more complicated by 

 the fact that each sepal is stipulate, and the stipules also are 



