■\rOPiPHOLOGY OF REPEODUCTIVE ORGANS 143 



coalesced into what resembles a whorl of bracts below the calyx 

 (fig. 267). This is known as an epicalyx ; it must not be con- 

 fused with the epicalyx of the Mallow, which has a different 

 origin, as already described. 



Though the term cohesion has been used to describe this 

 coalescence, it must not be supposed that parts originally free 

 have become united. The J'oung leaves originate on the thala- 

 mus as separate outgrowths, but the apical growth soon stops, 

 and basal growth leads to the outgrowth of the whole annular 



Fig. 266. 



Fig. 268. 



Fig. 269. 



Fi'/. 266. Apocarpous pistil of the Pheasant's-eye (^Adonis). Fuj. 267. 



Flower of Strawberry, with stipular epicalyx. Fiff. 268. a. Diagram of 



tliree carpels, placed side by side, but not united. 6. A transverse section 



ot the ovaries of the same. Fig. 269. a. Diagram of three carpels united 



I ly their ovaries, the styles and stigmas being free. b. A transverse section 

 of the ovaries of the same. 



zone of the young receptacle on which the leaves have appeared. 

 This zone is really composed of the bases of the separate 

 leaves, which are developed thus together, much as are the 

 wings of the separate branches of the epipodium of a pinnatifid 

 leaf. 



A few cases of true cohesion of parts originally free are met 

 with. Thus in Asclepias the stigmas cohere together and to 

 the anthers of the flower. In a species of Lonicera the ovaries 

 of two opposite flowers of an inflorescence unite to form a, 

 connate fruit. 



Where the stamens of a flower are gathered into several 



