154 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



campanulate, urceolate {fig. 288), conical, globose, &c. The 

 application of these terms will be further shown when speak- 

 ing of the corolla, in which similar forms occur, and in which 

 they are usually more evident. 



The tube of a gamosepalous calyx, or of that of a perianth 

 (the parts of which, like the sepals, are frequently united to a 

 varying extent), souietimes adheres more or less to the ovary, 

 as in the Iris, Myrtle (fig. 290, cal), in all the plants of the 

 order Compositse, and in those allied to it (figs. 291 and 292), and 

 in numerous other plants. When this takes place, the calyx is 

 said to be adherent, or, because it appears to rise from the 

 summit of the ovary, superior ; the ovary in such a case is then 



Fig. 291. Fig. 292 



Fig. 293. 



Fig. 294. 



Fig. 291. One oJ the tubular florets of the Ox-eye (Chrysanlhemum). The 

 calyx is completely united to the ovary and presents no appearance of a 



limb. Fig. 292. One of the tubular florets of the Suoflower {Helianthus). 



The limb of the adherent calyx is membranous. Fig. 293. Fruit of the 



Valerian surmounted by a feathery sessile pappus. Fig. 294. Fi-uit of 



Scabious surmounted by a stalked pilose pappus. 



described as inferior. "When the calyx is free, or quite distinct 

 from the walls of the ovary, as in the Pimpernel (fig. 287), 

 Wallflower, Poppy, and Buttercup, it is said to be free, non- 

 adherent, or inferior ; and the ovary is then termed superior. 



WTien the calyx or perianth is adherent to the ovary, its 

 limb presents various modifications : thus in the Iris, Crocus, and 

 Orchids, it is petaloid ; in the Quince, foliaceous (fig. 299) ; 

 in the Sunflower (fig. 292) and Chamomile, it is membranous ; 

 in the Madder, it exists only in the form of a circular rim ; while 

 in the Ox-eye it is altogether absent (fig. 291). In the two 

 latter cases the calyx is commonly described as obsolete. In 



