156 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



be spurred. In the Pelargonium the spur, instead of being free 

 from the pedicel as in the above instances, is adherent to it. 



On the outside of the calyx of some flowers, as in those of 

 many plants of the Mallow (fig. 296), Pink [fig. 300, 6), 

 and Eose orders (fig. 267), there is placed a whorl of leaf-like 

 organs which is considered by some botanists as an outer 

 calyx, and to which the name of cpicahj-r or calyculus has 

 been accordingly given. The true nature of this outer whorl in 

 the several cases has already been discussed. 



DuBATiON OF THE Calyx. — The duration of the calyx varies 

 in different flowers. Thus it is caducous or fugacious, when it 

 falls off as the flower expands, as in the Poppy (fig. 297). In 

 EschschoUzia the calyx, which is caducous, separates from the 



Fi&. 297. 



Fig. 29S. 



Fig. 299. 



Fig. 297. Flower of tlie Poppy, shomug a caducous calyx. — Fi</. 298. .\ct'rts- 

 cent calyx of the 'Winter Ghevry (Phtjsalis Alkekmgi). Fuj. 299. Ver- 

 tical section of the fruit of tlie Quitfice {Pyrus Cydonia), showing the tube 

 of the calyx adherent to the matured carpels, and foi-ming a part of the 

 pericarp ; the free portion or limb being foliaceous. 



hollow thalamus to which it is articulated, in the form of a 

 funnel, or the extinguisher of a candle. A- somewhat similar 

 separation of the calyx occurs in Eucalyptus, except that 

 here the part which is left behind after the separation of the 

 upper portion evidently belongs to the calyx, instead of to 

 the thalamus, as in the former instance. In these two latter 

 cases the calyx is said to be calyptrate or operculate. When 

 the calyx falls off at about the same time as the coroUa, as in 

 the Crowfoot or Buttercup, it is called decidiious. In other 

 cases the calyx remains after the flowering is over, as in the 

 Henbane (fig. 288) and Mallow, when it is described as per- 

 sistent. "When the calyx is adherent or superior it is necessarily 



