160 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



superior or posterior, and commonly larger than the others, and 

 is termed the vexilluni or standard {fig. 303, v) ; two inferior or 

 anterior, which are usually more or less united and form a some- 

 what boat-shaped cavity, car, called the heel or carina ; and 

 two lateral, a, called the wings or alee. 



In many cases where a number of regular flowers are massed 

 together, as in certain corymbs, umbels, or capitnla, the flowers 

 round the margin of the inflorescence become irregular by the 

 greater development of such of their petals as are outermost. 

 These are known as radiant flowers. 



2. Gamopetalous Corolla. — When the petals form a 

 gamopetalous corolla, the same terms are used as in the case 

 of the gamosepalous calyx to indicate the degrees of cohesion. 



The gamopetalous corolla, like the gamosepalous calyx, is 

 regular when its parts are of the same size, and of similar figure 

 or form, and united so as to form a s'ymmetrical body {figs. 304- 

 309) ; otherwise, it is irregular {figs. 810-321). 



A. Regular Gamopetalous Corollas. — The following forms 

 are those most commonly occurring : — 



1. Tubular, where it is nearly cylindrical throughout, the 

 limb not spreading, as in Sjpigelia, {fig. 304), and in the central 

 florets of many Compositse, as the Ox-eye {Chrysanthemum) 

 and Sunflower (HelianiUus) {fig. 292). 



2. Campanulate or hell-shaped, where the corolla is rounded 

 at the base, and gradually enlarged upwards to the summit, so 

 as to resemble a bell in form, as in the Harebell {fig. 305). 



3. Infundihuliform or funnel-sha2]ed, where the form of the 

 corolla is that of an inverted cone, like a funnel, as in the 

 Tobacco {fig. 306). 



4. Hypocrateriform or salver-shaped {fig. 307), where the 

 tube is long and narrow, and the limb placed at right angles to 

 it, as in the Primrose. 



5. Rotate or wheel-shaped, where the tube is short, and the 

 limb at right angles to it, as in the Forget-me-not {fig. 308) and 

 Bittersweet {Solanum Dulcamara). 



6. TJrceolate or urn-shaped, where the corolla is swollen in 

 the middle, and contracted at both the base and apex, as in the 

 Purple Heath {fi,g. 309) and Bilberry {Vaccinium Myrtillus). 



B. Irregular Oamopetalous Corollas. — The following forms 

 are most noteworthy : — 



1. Labiate, bilabiate, or lipped. — When the parts of a 

 corolla are so united that the limb is divided into two portions 

 which are placed superiorly and inferiorly, the upper one 



