MORPHOLOGY OP REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 167 



occurring at the junction of the claw and limb are ligules deve- 

 loped on the petals. Formerly many of these appendages were 

 described under the name of nectaries, although but few of them 

 possess the power of secreting the honey-like matter or nectar 

 fuom which they derived their names ; they were therefore 

 improperly so termed. 



Duration of the Corolla The duration of the corolla 



varies like that of the calyx, but it is almost always more 

 fugitive than the latter. It is caducous if it falls as the flower 

 opens, as in the Grape-vine ; commonly it is deciduous, or falls 

 off soon after the opening of the flower. In rare instances it is 

 persistent, in which case it usually becomes dry and shrivelled, 

 as in Heaths and the species of Campanula, when it is said to 

 be marcescent. 



(3) 



THE SPOROPHYLLS. 



The two whorls of sporophylls have been already termed the 

 Andrcecium and the Gyuoecium or Pistil respectively. 



Flowers which possess both these whorls yig. 329. 



are somewhat inaccurately called herma- 

 phrodite or bisexual ; when only one is 

 present, they are unisexual or diclinous, as 

 in Oarex {fig. 329), and Salix {figs. 214 and 

 215). The flower is also then further described 

 as staminate {figs. 214 and 329), when it 

 contains only a stamen or stamens ; and 

 pistillate, when it has only a carpel or car- 

 pels {fig. 215). When a flower possesses 

 neither andrcecium norgynoeoium, as is some- 

 times the case with the outer florets of the 

 capitula of the Compositse, it is said to be 

 neuter. When the flowers are unisexual, 

 both staminate and pistillate flowers may be 

 borne upon the same plant, as in the Hazel, 



Oak, and Arum {fig. 201), in which case the 



plant is called monoecious ; or upon diflerent 



plants of the same species, as in the WUlows, 



when the species is termed dioecious. In some 



cases, as in many Palms and in the Pellitory 



{Parietaria), staminate, pistillate, and hermaphrodite flowers 



are situated upon the same individual, and then the plant is 



called polygamous. The term amhisporangiate has been 



adopted recently instead of hermaphrodite. 



titj. 329. Unisexual 

 staminate flower of 

 a species of Carex. 

 Ttie filaments are 

 long and capillary, 

 and the anthers pen- 

 dulous and innate. 



