MORPHOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 169 



is capillary {figs. 329 and 331). In the latter case the filament, 

 instead of supporting tlie anther in the erect position as it 

 usually does, becomes curved, and the anther is then pendulous 

 {figs. 329 and 331). The filament may become enlarged, when it 

 is frequently flattened in various ways. Thus in some cases it 

 is dilated gradually from below upwards like a club, when it is 

 clavate or club-shaped, as in Thalictrum ; or it is slightly en- 

 larged at the base, and tapers upwards to a point like an awl, as 

 in the Flowering Rush {Butomus umbellatus) ; in other oases 

 it is flattened at the base, the rest of the filament assuming its 



Fig. 331. 



FiGf. m2. 



Fig, 333. Fig. 334. 



/"/,'/. 331. A locusta of Wheat (Triticum sativttm). consisting of several flowers, 

 the stamens of which have very long capillary filaments, and versatile pen- 

 dulous anthers. The anthers are notched or forked at each extremity, and 



thus resemble somewhat the letter x in form. Fie/. 332. Three of the 



stamens of Tamarix gallica. witli their filaments flattened at the base and 



united with each other. Fiif. 333. Pistil of a species of Campantila, witli 



a solitary stamen wliose fllament is flattenefl. Fitf. 334. Dilated toothed 



filament of a species of Allium. 



ordinary rounded form, as in Tamarix gallica {fig. 332), and 

 species of Campanula (fig. 333) ; or the whole of the filament 

 is flattened, and then it frequently assumes the appearance of a 

 petal, when it is described as petaloid, as in the Water-lily 

 {figs. 276, e, and 346), and in Canna and allied plants. 



Sometimes, again, the filament is toothed as in Allium, 

 (fig. 334), or forhed as in Cramhe (fig. 335) ; or furnished with 

 various appendages as in the Borage (fig. 336, a), in which 

 case it is said to be appendicular--. 



Length, Colour, and Direction. — The length of the filament 

 varies very much. In the Borage (fig. 336, /), and in plants 

 generally of the order Boraginaceae (fig. 337), the filaments are 



