180 



MANUAL OF BOTANY 



When the stamens are coherent, the union may affect either 

 the anthers or the filaments, or both anthers and filaments. When 



Fig. 369. 



Fig. 370. 



Fig. 371. 



Fig. 369. Vertical section of the flower of a species of Campanula, with epi- 



gynous stamens. Fig. 370. Flower of Orchis mascula. The column in 



the centre is formed by the union of the stamens and style. Fig, 371. 



The pistil and stamens of Birthwort (^Aristolochia). The ovary is seen 

 below, and the stamens above united into a column with the style. 



the anthers are united, the stamens are termed syngenesious or 

 synantherous (fig. 372). This union occurs in all the Compositse, 

 the Lobelia, and in some other plants. When the anthers are 



Fig. 372. 



Fig. 373. 



Fig. 374. 



Fiff. 372. Syngenesious anthers of a species of Thistle i^Cardiiun). Fig. 373. 



Monadelphous stamensof a species of Mallow (Malva). Fig. 374. Mona- 



delphous stamens of Wood Sorrel (O.raiw), forming a tube round the pistil. 

 Fig. 375. Male flower of Jalropha Curcas. c. Calyx, p. Corolla, p. Sta- 

 mens united by their filaments into a tube, «, which occupies the centre 

 of the flower, as there is no pistil. 



thus united the filaments are commonly, though not always, 

 distinct. When union occurs between the stamens, however, it 



