irOEPHOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 215 



placed close to it, so that the whole nuoellus is bent upon itself, 

 and a line drawn from tlie micropyle, mic, through the axis of 

 the nncellus, n, and its coats, would describe a curve ; hence 

 such ovules are called canipyloiropous or curved. In these 

 ovules, the chalaza, cli, and hiluni correspond as in ortho- 

 tropovis ones, but the micropyle, mic, instead of being at the 

 geometrical apex of the ovule, is brought down close to the 

 hUum or base. The progressive development of the cam- 

 pylotropous ovule is well seen in the MaUow, as represented 

 in fig. 472, a, b, c, cl. This kind of ovule is evidently 

 formed by one side of the nuceUus developing more extensively 

 than the other, so that the micropyle is pushed round to the 



In a third class of ovules the relative position of parts is 

 exactly the reverse of that of orthotropous ones — hence such 

 are called anatropous or inverted ovules. This arises from 



FiCt. 472. 



Fig. i72. The campylotropous OYule of the Mallow in its different stages of 

 development. From Le Ma^ut. In a the curvature is commencing, in b 

 it is more evident, in c still more marked, and in d it is completed, 

 f. Funiculus, j;. Primine. .s. Secundine. n. Endof nucellus. c.r. Exostome. 

 enfj. Endostome, 



greater growth on one side than the other, the body of 

 the nucellus, however, remaining straight. It thus becomes 

 completely inverted, so that the chalaza {fig. 473, ch) is removed 

 from the hilum, h, to the geometrical apex of the ovule ; the 

 micropyle, /, being at the same time turned towards the hilum, 

 Ti. In anatropous ovules a connection is always mamtained 

 between the chalaza and the hilum by means of a vascular cord 

 or ridge called the raphe (fig. 473, r), which is the elongated funi- 

 culus adherent to the ovule. This raphe or cord of nutritive 

 vessels passing from the placenta or funiculus, and by its expan- 

 sion forming the chalaza, is generally situated in anatropous 

 ovules on the side which is turned towards the placenta or 

 funiculus. Anatropous ovules are very common ; examples 

 may be found in the Dandelion (fig. 478), Apple, and Cucumber. 

 Besides the three kinds of ovules mentioned above, there is 

 another kind more rarely met with which is intermediate between 



