234 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



CHAPTER in. 

 morphology of the fruit and seed. 



The Fruit. 



The act of fertilisation not only stimulates the further 

 ment of the oosphere, but brings about changes in neigl 

 parts which are not directly concerned in the sexual 

 The parts so modified may belong to both gametoph 

 sporophyte as in the Phanerogams, or to the gam( 

 alone as in the Cryptogams. The gametophyte in th( 

 sperms, as we have seen, undergoes changes, leading 

 formation of the endosperm ; the tissue of that pari 

 sporophyte in which it is imbedded is also modified in 

 ways, especially, though not exclusively, the sporophyll ( 

 in which the megasporangium is found. The structure 

 ing from any such development form what is known 

 fndt. 



Among the structures which can be called fruits 

 Cryptogams we must include such forms as the cyst< 

 some of the Eed Seaweeds, in which the wall of the str 

 derived from certain cells which are in the immedial 

 bourhood of the sexual gamete. Rudimentary forms 

 may also be recognised in the Mosses. 



It is, however, in the group of the Phanerogams tha: 

 the greatest variety of fruit, which we must now eX! 

 some detail. 



Chniii/cs in the Pistil during the development of the 



The fruit being generally the ovary after a certain 

 of development or alteration, should correspond with t 

 in its structure.' This is often the case, and the fruit 0( 

 the same parts as the ovary, only in a modified conditic 

 the walls of the ovary commonly alter in texture, ai 

 become dry, membranous, coriaceous, woodj', &c. ; oi 

 contrary, more or less pulpy, fleshy, &c. 



