MORPHOLOGY OF THE FRUIT AND SEED 241 



tively: — 1. Valvular; 2. Transverse or Circumscissile; and 

 3. Porous. 



1. Valvular Dehiscence.— This may be either partial or 

 complete: thus, in Dianthus (fig. 508), Lychnis (fig. 507), 

 and many other Caryophyllaceous plants, the dehiscence only 



Fig. 507. 



Fig. 508. 



Fig. 509. 



Fig. 507. Fruit of Lye/mis. Fig, 508. Fruit of Dianthus. Fiij. 509. Fruit 



of Mignonette (.^Reseda). Fig. 510. Follicle of Columbine (Aquilegia), 



dehiscing by ventral suture, Fig. 611. Follicles of Magnolia glauca] 



each dehiscing by its dorsal suture. The seeds are suspended from the 



fruits by long stalks or funiculi. Fig. 512. Legume of the Pea which 



has opened by both dorsal and ventral sutm'es ; hence it is two-valved. 

 c. Calyx, ep. Epicarp. pi. Placenta, ov. Seeds attached to the placenta 

 by a funiculus or stalk,/, en. Endocarp. 



takes place at the upper part of the fruit, which then appears 

 toothed, the number of teeth corresponding to that of the valves 

 in complete dehiscence. A somewhat similar mode of partial 

 dehiscence occurs in certain Saxifrages, and in the Mignonette 

 {fiff. 509) ; in the latter plant one large orifice may be observed 

 at the summit of the fruit at an early stage of its growth, and 



VOL. K 



