MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEUIT AND SEED 247 



ones mentioned above. Thus, the lomenta of Coroniila, Hedtf. 

 sarum (fig- 529), Ornithoptts, &o., separate when ripe into as 

 many portions as there are seeds. 



3. Porous Dehiscence. — This is an irregular kind of dehis- 

 cence, in which the fruits open by little pores or slits formed in 

 their pericarps. These openings may be either situated at the 

 apex, side, or base of the iruit ; hence they are described accord- 

 ingly, as apicular, lateral, or basilar. Examples of this kind 

 of dehiscence occur in the Poppy, in which a number of pores 

 are placed beneath the peltate disc to which the stigmas are 

 attached ; in Antirrhinum [fig. 429), where there are two 

 or three orifices, one of which is situated near the summit of 

 one cell of the ovary, and the rest (one or two) in the other ; 

 and in various species of Campanula (figs. 530, t, t, and 531). 



Fig. 527. 



Fig. 528. 



Fig. 529. 



.-r4 



Fig. 527. Fruit of Henbane {Utjoscyamus) with transverse 



dehiscence. This fruit is tei-med a pyxis. Fig. 528. 



PiTcis of the Monkey-pot {Lecyi/iis ollaria). Fig. 529. 



Lomentum of a species of Hedysartim separating trans- 

 versely into 'one-seeded portions. 



In the latter the calyx is adherent to the ovary, and the pores, 

 which have a very irregular appearance at their margins, pene- 

 trate through the walls of the pericarp formed by the adherent 

 calyx and ovary ; these pores correspond to the number of cells 

 in the ovary, and are either situated at the si&es (fig. .530, t, t), 

 or towards the base (fig. 531). 



Kinds of Fruit. — Many kinds of fruit have been described 

 and several classifications have been proposed for them, but 

 there is still not very great accordance among botanists upon 

 this subject. 



We have seen that in most cases the fruit arises from changes 

 in the carpels in consequence of fertilisation. All these forms 

 may be described as true fruits. In many other cases other 

 parts of the flower undergo similar modifications, and a number 

 of structures result, in which frequently the true fruits can be 



