248 



MANUAL OP BOTANY 



separately distinguished. The idea of the fruit which is asso- 

 ciated with these forms is a rather conventional one, its leading 

 features being succulence or palatability. Such fruits, origina- 

 ting, like the first group, from single flowers, we may speak of 

 as spv/rious fridts. A third form also is found, in which the 

 ' fruit ' is the result of the more or less complete cohesion of a 

 number of flowers, various parts of which, or the axis on which 



Fia. 530. 



Fig. 531. 



Fig. 530. Immature fruit of a species of Campanula, p. Pericarp, t, t. Pores 

 at the sides, c, c. Persistent calyx united below to tlie wall of the frnit 



so as to form a part of the pericarp. Fig. 531. Fruit of a species of 



Oampanula dehiscing by pores at its base. 



they are borne, have become succulent. 

 aggregated or anthooarpous fruits. 



These may be called 



A. Teue Phuits. 



Of these many varieties occur, rendering a classification 

 necessary. As there is abroad distinction possible based on the 

 way they liberate their seeds, we may divide them into Inde- 

 hiscent a,n& Dehiscent friiiis. Purther division may be based 

 on the number of carpels in each. 



Indehiscent Monocarpellary Fruits. 



1. The Achcenium or Achene is a superior, one-celled, one- 

 seeded fruit, with a dry indehiscent pericarp, which is separable 

 from the seed, although closely applied to it. Such fruits may 

 be distinguished from seeds by presenting on some point of their 

 surface the remains of the style. This style is in some cases very 

 evident, as in the Anemone {fig. 532). Examples may be seen 



