MOBPHOLOGY OF THE FEtJIT AND SEED 249 



also in the Clematis, and in the plants of the orders Labiatae 

 and BoraginaoesB i^fig. 533). In rare oases we find a flower 

 producing but a single aohsenium. 



2. The Utricle is a superior, one-celled, one- or few-seeded 

 fruit, with a thin, membranous, loose pericarp, not adhering to 

 the seed ; generally indehiscent, but rarely opening transversely. 

 Examples of this kind of fruit may be seen in Amaranthiis and 

 Chenopodium {fig. 535). 



3. The Drupe. — This is a superior, one-ceUed, one- or two- 

 seeded, indehiscent fi:uit, having a fleshy or pulpy sarcocarp, a 



Fig. 532. 



Fig. 533. 



Fig. 5,S5. 



Fig. 534. 



Fkj. 532, Tertical section 

 of an achaBnium of tte 

 Pasque-flower (Anemone 

 Pulsatilla), The fruit is 

 said to be tailed in this 

 instance in consequence 

 of being surmounted by 



a feathery style. Fig. 



533. Achsenia of Bugloss 



(Lycopsis). Fig. 534. 



Vei-tical section of the 

 drupe of the Cherry, ep. 

 Epicarp. en. Endocarp. 

 mt. Mesocarp. g. Seed 



"with embryo. Fig. 



535. Utricular fruit of 

 Chenopodium, surround- 

 ed by the persistent 

 calyx. 



hard or bony endocarp, and the pericarp altogether separable 

 into its component parts, namely, epicarp, sarcocarp, and 

 endocarp. The drupe is sometimes called a stone-fruit. Ex- 

 amples occur in the Peach (figs. 536 and 537), Apricot, Plum, 

 Cherry {fig. 534), and Olive. In the Almond the fruit presents 

 all the characters of the drupe, except that the sarcocarp is 

 of a toughish texture instead of being succulent. Many fruits, 

 such as the Walnut and Cocoa-imt, are sometimes termed drupes, 

 but improperly so, as they are in reality compound or formed 

 originally from two or more carpels or ovaries, besides present- 

 ing other characters difl'ering from those of simple fruits. 



