250 



MANUAL OP BOTANY 



In the Raspberry (fig. 570) and Bramble, weiave a number 

 of small drupes, or cZrttpeZs," crowded together upon a conical dry 

 thalamus. These form an etserio of drupes. 



Fig. 53fi. 



FiGf. 537. 



Fig. 536. Drupe of the Peach. Fig. 537. The same cut vevticallj'. 



4. The Berry. — Though the berry is usually formed from a 

 aynoarpous ovary, there is one form of it which may be included 

 here. It is a succulent fruit with a single cell in which is a 

 single seed. This is hard and stony, and at first sight may be 

 taken to be the same thing as the stone of the Plum. It is not 

 so, however, as the latter is hollow and encloses the seed. In 

 the berry the stone is the seed. This form of fruit is seen in the 

 Date and some other Palms. 



Indehiscent Polycarpellary Fruits. 



1. The Cypsela. — This differs from the achaenium by being 

 inferior and bicarpellary. It occurs in all plants of the order 

 CompositEe. When the calyx is pappose it remains attached to 

 the fruit, as in Salsafy and Dandelion. 



2. The Caryopsin is a superior, one-celled, .one-seeded, 

 indehiscent fruit with a thin dry membranous^ pericarp, com- 

 pletely and inseparably united with the seed [figs. 538 and 539). 

 It is formed from a bicarpellary ovary, as may be seen from 

 there being two styles and stigmas in the flower. It is found 

 in plants of the order Graminacese. This forin must be care- 

 fully distinguished from a seed, with which it is often con- 

 fused. 



3. The Glans or Nut is a dry, hard, indehiscent, one-celled, 

 one- or two-seeded fruit, produced from an ovary of two or more 



