MOEPHOLOGY OF THE FEUIT AND SEED 251 



cells, ■with one or more ovules in each cell. Dviring development 

 all the cells but one become obliterated, and this one contains 

 usually a single seed, the other ovules not developing. The 

 three layers constituting the pericarp of the nut are firmly 

 coherent and indistinguishable, and the whole is more or less 

 enclosed by a cupule. The Acorn (fig. 198) and the Hazel-nut 

 (/7f/. 199) may be taken as examples. By some botanists the 



Fig. .538, 



Fig. .539. 



Fig. 540. 



Fig. 541. 



Fig. 542. 



Fig. 538. Caryopsis or frnit of tlie Oat. Fig. 539. Section of the fruit of 



tlie Oat. p. Plumule, r. Eadicle. «. Scutellum. Fiii. 540. Cremocarp 



or fruit of Angelica. Fig. 541, Samara or fruit of the Maple. 



Fig. 642. Carcerule or fruit of the Mallow (Mnh'a). 



fruit of the Cocoa-nut Palm is called a nut, but it differs in its 

 pericarp presenting a distinction into epicarp, mesocarp, and 

 endocarp. Such a fruit is often described as a fibrous drupe. 

 It is not, however, a true drupe, as it is polyoarpellary. 



4. Tlie Scliinocarp. — This term is applied to a number of 

 fruits which split away from the axis into pieces corresponding 

 to the constituent carpels. They differ from dehiscent fruits in 



