MOEPHOLOGY OF THE FRUIT AND SEED 255 



Fig. 551, 



Lime, and Shaddock are examples of the hesperidium. It is by 

 no means uncommon to find the carpels of this fruit in a more 

 or less separated state {fig. 5501, and we have then produced what 

 are called 'horned oranges,' 'fingered citrons,' &c., and the fruit 

 becomes somewhat apocarpous instead of entirely syncarpous. 



10. The Tryma is a superior, one-celled, one-seeded, indehis- 

 cent fruit, having a separable fleshy or leathery rind, consisting 

 of epioarp and mesoearp, and a hard two- 

 valved endocarp, from the inner lining of 

 which spurious dissepiments extend so as 

 to divide the seed into deep lobes. It 

 differs but little from the ordinary drupe, 

 except in being formed from an originally 

 compound ovary. Example, the Walnut. 

 11. The Salausta is an inferior, 

 many - celled, many - seeded, indehiscent 

 fruit, with a tough pericarp. It is formed 

 of two rows of carpels, one row being 

 placed above the other, and surrounded 

 by the calyx ; the seeds being attached 

 irregularly to the walls or centre. The Pomegranate fruit 

 (fig. 551J is the only example. 



Fi(r. 551. — Vertical section 

 of the balausta or fruit of 

 the Pomegranate. 



Dehiscent Monocarpellary Fruits. 



1. The Follicle. — This is a superior, one-celled, one- or many- 

 seeded fruit, dehiscing by one suture only, which is commonly 



Fig. 552. Fig. 553. Fig. 554. 



Fig. 552. j?ollicles of the Colnuibine {Aquilegia). Fig. 553. Fol- 

 licles of the Aconite (^Aconitum). Fig. 554. Follicles of the 



PECony (Pceimia}. 



the ventral, and is consequently one-valved {fig. 510). By the 

 latter character it is known at once from the legume, which 



