260 MANUAL OF BOTANY 



lary scales separating from the axis for a great part of their 

 length, so that the seeds fall from between them. 



6. The Galbulus. — This fruit is but a modiiioation of the 

 Cone ; differing in being more or less rounded in form instead 

 of somewhat conical, and in having the heads of the scales 

 much enlarged and peltate in form, with the seeds on their imder 

 surface. It is seen in the Cjpress (fig- 567) and in the Juniper 

 {fig. 566). In the latter the scales become fleshy, and are 

 united together into one mass, so that it somewhat resembles at 

 first sight a berry, but its nature is at once seen by examining 

 the apex, when three radiating lines will be observed correspond- 

 ing to the three fleshy scales of which the fruit is formed, and 

 which are here but imperfectly united. 



Fig. 565. Fig. 567. Fig. 568. 



Fig. 565. Cone or fniit of the Scotch Fir. Fig. 566. Galbulus or fruit of 



the Juniper {Juniperus communis'). Fig. 567. Galbulus or fruit of the 



Cypress (Cupressus seinpervirens). Fig. 568. Seed of the Yew {2'axiis 



baccata), surrounded by a fleshy aril. 



In the Yew (Taxus baccata) {fig. 568) the so-oaUed fruit is 

 in reality not a fruit at all, as it consists simply of a naked seed 

 surrounded, except at the apex, by a fleshy cup which is an 

 aril. 



B. Spurious Fruits. 



1. The EtiB7-io. —There are several varieties of this form. 

 In all of them the bulk of the fruit is composed of an enlarged 

 receptacle or thalamus on which the carpels are seated. In 

 Ranunculus the true fruits, which are aohenes, are placed on 

 a dry convex receptacle which is not much enlarged; in the 

 Strawberry the receptacle is enlarged, convex, succulent, and 

 brightly coloured ; in Potentilla and some other Eosaeea;, it is 

 enlarged but not succulent. 



