:\rOBPHOLOGY OF THE FRUIT AND SEED 261 



In the fruit of the Eose the achsenia, instead of being placed 

 upon an elevated thalamus, as in the ordinary etaerio, are situ- 

 ated upon a concave thalamus, to which the calyx is attached 

 (fig. 285, r, r). This modification of the ordinary etserio has 

 been considered by some botanists a separate frnit, to which the 

 name of Ci/narrhodon has been given. A similar kind of fruit 

 also occurs in Calycantlius. 



2. The Pome is an inferior, indehiscent, two- or more celled, 

 few-seeded, fleshy fruit ; the carpels of which are papery, carti- 

 laginous, or bony, and surrounded by a fleshy mass, which is 

 by some considered to be formed of the adherent tube of the 



FiG.|569. 



Fie. 570. 



Fig. 671. 



Fig. 569. Etserio of the Strawben-y, cousisting of a swollen succulent 



receptacle on which are a number of achenes. Fig. 570. Etserio of the 



Raspberry. Fig. 571. Vertical section of the pome or fruit of the Apple 



( Pyrus Malus). 



calyx, other botanists, however, regard the fleshy portion as 

 consisting of the succulent concave thalamus, in which the true 

 carpels are embedded. The pome thus resembles the Cynar- 

 rhodon, except that the carpels and the thalamus are fused 

 together. Examples may be seen in the Apple (fig. 571), Pear, 

 Quince (fig. 299), Medlar, and Hawthorn. 



0. ANTHOOAEPO0S OR AGGREGATED FrUITS. 



These fruits have been named Antlwcarpous, as they consist 

 not only of the mature carpels of several flowers united, but also 

 usually of the bracts and floral envelopes in combination with 

 them ; that is to say, the whole inflorescence becomes succulent 

 or woody, and all its parts are united to form the fruit. They 

 have been called also Multiple, Aggregated and Collective fruits. 

 Sometimes they are alluded to as poly thalamic, to distinguish 

 them from fruits formed from single flowers, which are called 

 imonothalam,ic. 



