MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEUIT AND SEED 269 



Spindle-tree is well shown in fig. 584. In the Nutmeg, the 

 arillus originates from both the hilum and the micropyle ; it 

 forms a scarlet covering to the testa, and is commonly known 

 in commerce, when dried and preserved, under the name of 

 mace. 



Pig. 584. 



Fig. 584. Progressive development of the arillode in the seed of the Spindle- 

 tree (ii'i/onymui). rt. Ai'illode. /.Funiculus. 1, represents the youngest 

 seed : 2 and 3, the progressive development of the arillode ; 4, the oldest 

 and fully developed seed. 



Caruncules or Strophioles. — These are small irregular pro- 

 tuberances which are found- on various parts of the testa. They 

 are always developed, like the arillus and arillode, subsequently 

 to fertilisation, and are accordingly not found on the ovule. In 



Fig. 585. 



Fig. 587. 



Fig. 585. Ovoid seed of Milkwort {Polygalti), with a caruncule at its base 



or hilum. Fig. 586. Seed of Asarabacca {Asarum), with a caruncule on 



the side, which is called by some a raphian arillus. Fig. 587. Section of 



the comose seed of Epilohium. The tuft of hairy processes is sometimes 

 called a chalazal arillus. 



the Milkwort {fig. 585) they are situated at the base or hilum 

 of the seed ; in the Asarabacca (fig. 586) and Violet on the side, 

 in a line with the raphe ; while in the Spurge they are placed 

 at the micropyle. Some writers consider these carmicules as 

 forms of the aril, of which they then distinguish four varieties. 



