324 THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 



being related to the most superior part of the muscular rim on the 

 right side, the lobulus quadratus corresponding to the phrenic centre, 

 while the left lobe touches the lowest point reached by the liver, and 

 lies against the lower part of the muscular rim on the left side and the 

 adjacent part of the tendinous centre. The posterior surface is related 

 to the stomach, the duodenum, the gastro-hepatic flexure of the double 

 colon, the pancreas, and the right kidney, the latter slightly indenting 

 the upper part of the right lobe. 



If an attempt be made to pull the liver from its position, it will be 

 found that this is opposed by certain folds of peritoneum which pass 

 between it and the abdominal parietes. These are the ligaments of the 

 liver, and they are named as follows : — 



The Right Lateral Ligament passes between the right lobe and the 

 adjacent part of the phrenic rim. 



The Left Lateral Ligament attaches the left lobe to the phrenic centre. 

 The Falciform or Suspensory Ligament attaches the lobulus quadratus 

 to the diaphragm and to the abdominal floor a little to the i-ight of the 

 linea alba. Its posterior edge is concave and free, and contains the 

 shrivelled remains of the umbilical vein — the so-called round ligament. 



The Ligament of the Caudate Lobe is a small peritoneal fold passing 

 between the anterior end of the right kidney and the lobulus caudatus. 

 The Coronary Ligament. — If all the preceding ligaments be cut, and 

 an attempt made to pull the liver out of position, it will be found that 

 the gland is still firmly attached to the diaphragm by its anterior face. 

 This adhesion takes place over an area that is transversed by the anterior 

 fissure lodging the vena cava, and the peritoneum in passing between 

 the gland and the phrenic centre on each side of this area constitutes 

 the coronary ligament. 



Directions. — The coeliac trunk and its branches must now be prepared ; 

 and, coincidently with this, the bile duct, portal vein, and solar plexus 

 must be dissected. The portal vein will be found passing through the 

 pancreas to the transverse fissure ; and emerging from the fissure, 

 below the vein, is the bile duct, which passes to open into the duodenum 

 close by the principal pancreatic duct. The coeliac axis is concealed 

 by the panci-eas, which must be carefully raised by dissection at its 

 anterior border, and pulled backwards. The same dissection will 

 expose the semilunar ganglia and the solar plexus, whose branches are 

 to be traced in company with the arteries. In dissecting the vessels, 

 the student will meet the lymphatic glands of the stomach, spleen, and 

 liver. 



Lymphatics. The glands of the stomach form two groups, viz., (1) 

 a few large glands situated at the lesser curvature, and (2) a number of 

 smaller glands placed at the greater curvature. The glands of the liver 

 also form two groups, viz., (1) a number situated in the posterior fissure. 



