16 NOETH AMERICAN SHOBEBIRDS. 



Fall migration. — ^The earliest fall birds are seen on the coast of 

 California during July (Loomis) ; the larger flocks begin to appear late 

 in August and pass south for the next three months. The last seen 

 at Point Barrow, in 1882, was on October 10 (Murdoch). The species 

 was abundant off the coast of Massachusetts August 4, 1877 (Kum- 

 lien) ; and has been noted on Long Island to the third week of 

 November (Braislin). 



Northern Phalarope. Lobipes lobatus (Linn.). 



Breeding range. — The northern phalarope breeds in the arctic 

 region of both hemispheres, but does not go quite so far north as the 

 last species. It ranges from the Chuckchi Peninsula of Siberia east- 

 ward across the whole arctic coast of America to the eastern coast of 

 Greenland. It breeds north to Upernivik, Greenland, 73° N. (Kum- 

 hen); Melville Island, 74° N. (Walker); Point Barrow, Alaska, 71° 

 N. (Murdoch); and Wrangel Island, Siberia, 72° N. (Nelson). The 

 main breeding ground lies farther south on the mainland of North 

 America, especially in northern Mackenzie and western Alaska. It 

 breeds south to Ungava Bay, about 69° N. (Turner); near Rupert 

 House, Ontario (Drexler); to near. York Factory, Keewatin, 57° N. 

 (Preble); Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, 68° 35' N.(MacFarlane); Pasto- 

 lik, in the delta of the Yukon, Alaska, 63° N. (Dall and Bannister); 

 and to Kiska Island, near the west end of the Aleutians, 52° N. (Dall). 

 In the Eastern Hemisphere it is an abundant breeder from the limit 

 of tree growth to the Arctic coast, and in eastern Siberia occasionally 

 south to latitude 55°. 



Winter range. — The winter home of the great flocks of northern 

 phalaropes that breed in arctic America is unknown. The European" 

 and Siberian birds winter on the coast of Europe and south to Persia, 

 India, China, and the Malay Archipelago. For the whole of the 

 Atlantic coast of both North and South America there is not a single 

 winter record. A solitary bird was noted at Tumbez, Peru, January 

 28 (Taczanowski) ; and the species has been recorded from Chorillos, 

 Peru, without date (Berlepsch and Stolzmann). These are the only 

 certain records for the whole of South America. This lack of winter 

 land records suggests the possibihty that both this species and the - 

 red phalarope spend the winter in midocean feeding and sleeping on 

 the surface of the water. 



Migration range. — The northern phalarope comes south along the 

 eastern coast of North America, and is seen commonly, as far south 

 as Nova Scotia. The flocks seem normally to strike south from 

 Nova Scotia into midocean, but occasionally they are driven west- 

 ward by storms and appear on the New England coast, sometimes 

 by thousands. The birds are not rare south to Long Island, but 

 farther south can be considered hardly more than stragglers, though 

 recorded to South Carolina (Loomis). 



