36 NOETH AMERICAN SHOKEBIKDS. 



Aleutians (Bishop), but the species is nowhere common on the Pacific 

 coast south of Alaska, showing that most of the Alaskan and Siberian 

 birds cross the Rocky Mountains and migrate southeastward to the 

 winter home. A few pass south along the Pacific coast to the State of 

 Washington (Suckley), and there are two records for California — Mill 

 Valley Junction, September 14, 1896 (Mailliard), and Farallon Islands, , 

 September 4, 1884 (specimen in United States National Mueseum). 

 The species reappears again in Lower California, where it is fairly com- 

 mon during fall migration in the Cape Region (Brewster). 



The species is well known as a migrant on the west coast of Green- 

 land as far north as Upernivik, latitude 73° (Winge) . It is a common 

 migrant throughout the whole of North America east of the Rocky 

 Mountains, and of the West Indies and Central America. It is 

 strangely rare in the northern part of South America, where it seems 

 to be unrecorded in Venezuela and Guiana, and to have been recorded 

 only once from Colombia (Allen). It is common in migration in 

 Ecuador and Brazil. 



Spring migration. — The start from the South American winter home 

 must be very early — February, or more likely January — for the aver- 

 age date of arrival at Raleigh, N. C, is March 23; earliest March 21, 

 1889 (Brimley) . Raleigh is full 2,000 miles from the nearest boundary 

 of the winter range, and probably these birds had already traveled over 

 3,000 miles when they appeared at Raleigh. Some other spring 

 dates are: Beaver, Pa., average April 4, earliest April 1, 1890 (Todd); 

 Erie, Pa., March 23, 1895 (Todd) ; New Orleans, La., March 7, 1896 

 (Allison); Hidalgo, Tex., March 16, 1890 (Sennett); St. Louis, Mo., 

 March 17, 1884 (Widmann); Chicago, 111., average of seven years, 

 March 31, earliest March 27, 1897 (Blackwelder) ; Terre Haute, Ind., 

 average March 26, earliest March 17, 1887 (Evermann); Ottawa, 

 Ontario, average April 30, earliest April 27, 1894 (White) ; Keokuk, 

 Iowa, average April 1, earliest March 17, 1893 (Currier); Fort Reso- 

 lution, Mackenzie, May 19, 1860 (Kennicott); Fort Providence, 

 Mackenzie, May 14, 1905 (specimens in collection Biological Survey); 

 Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, May 16, 1904 (Preble); Dawson, Yukon, 

 May 19, 1899 (Cantwell) ; St. Michael, Alaska, May 24, 1879 (Nelson) ; 

 Kowak River, Alaska, May 27, 1899 (Grinnell); Point Barrow, 

 Alaska, May 30, 1883 (Murdoch), and May 30, 1898 (Stone). Eggs 

 were secured at Cape Lisburne, Alaska, June 5, 1885 (Woolfe), and at 

 Point Barrow, June 20-July 10, 1883 (Murdoch). 



Fall migration. — In common with many other shorebirds, the 

 pectoral sandpiper begins ^its fall -migrations in July; indeed, it is 

 probable that some start southward in June, for the average date 

 of arrival on the coast of Mississippi is July 19, earliest July 15, 

 1903 (Allison); and at New Orleans, La., earliest July 17, 1895 

 (Blakemore). These birds were already more than 2,000 milea 



