46 NOBTH AMERICAN SHOKEBIBDS. 



Semipalaiated Sandpiper. Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.). 



Breeding range. — The semipalmated sandpiper breeds in Ungava 

 at Okak (Crandall) and south to Fort George (Drexler), and also on 

 the Barren Grounds from Hudson Bay (Eifrig) west to Franklin Bay 

 (MacFarlane), along the Arctic coast to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska 

 (Grinnell), and south on the western coast of Alaska to St. Michael 

 (specimens in United States National Museum). 



Winter range. — It winters mainly in eastern South America, south 

 to Patagonia (latitude 43° S.) (Seebohm), and thence north through 

 Central America and the West Indies to eastern Mexico (Sumichrast), 

 southern Texas (Eefugio County; Carroll), Florida (Scott), and the 

 coast of Georgia (Helme) and South Carolina (specimen in United 

 States National Museum). 



Migration range. — The semipalmated sandpiper is a rare spring 

 but an abundant fall migrant along the whole Atlantic coast. It is a 

 common fall migrant through the Bermudas (Hurdis), Bahamas 

 (Bryant), and the West Indies east of Cuba. It is common both 

 spring and fall in the Mississippi Valley, becoming less common west- 

 ward to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, and west of the 

 mountains to western British Columbia (Brooks), Sitka, Alaska (Bis- 

 choff). Cook Inlet (Chapman), Norton Sound (McGregor), St. Paul 

 Island (Palmer), and the coast of northeastern Siberia (Nelson). It 

 has occurred in migration on the coast of Peru (Salvin). 



Spring migration. — Almost all the spring records for the Atlantic 

 coast are in May, while migration in the Mississippi Valley begins in 

 April: Camden, Ind., average of three years April 21, earliest April 

 18, 1886 (Groninger); Keokuk, Iowa, average of eight years April 

 30, earUest April 19, 1898 (Curriei;); Fort Lyon, Colo., April 25, 1886 

 (Thorne) ; Indian Head, Saskatchewan, May 16, 1892 (Macoun) ; Fort 

 Chipewyap, Alberta, May 24, 1901 (Preble); Great Bear Lake, Mac- 

 kenzie, May 24, 1826 (Richardson); Kowak River, Alaska, May 29, 

 1899 (Grinnell). Nonbreeding birds are found here and there in 

 summer from Wisconsin (Kumlien and HoUister) to Massachusetts 

 (Howe and Allen). 



Eggs have been taken at Fort George, Ungava, June 24, 1860 

 (Drexler); Franklin Bay, Mackenzie, June 30, 1864 (young July 5, 

 1865), (MacFarlane); St. Michael, Alaska, June 9, 1880 (specimens 

 in United States National Museum) ; and young just hatched at Cape 

 Blossom, Alaska, June 30, 1898 (Grinnell). 



Fall migration. — Like so many other sandpipers the semipalmated 

 begins to move south so early that it appears in the United States in 

 July; southern Mississippi, average of three years July 16, earliest 

 July 10, 1905 (Brodie and Kopman); Fernandina, Fla., July 14, 1906 

 (Worthington) ; Porto Rico, August 11, 1901 (Bowdish); La Guaira, 

 Venezuela, August 10 (Robinson and Richmond), and Marajo, Brazil, 



