98 NORTH AMEBICAN SHOKEBIRDS. 



The migrant birds remain in numbers far south of the breeding 

 grounds until early June: Jamaica, June 12, 1863 (Field); Arcos 

 Keys, Yucatan, June 6, 1900 (Nelson and Goldman); Key West, 

 Fla., June 14, 1888 (Scott); Long Island, New York, average June 

 4, latest June 9, 1905 (Latham); Toronto, Ontario, June 17, 1894 

 (Fleming). 



Fall migration. — The southward movement must begin in July, for 

 by early August migrants have appeared over much of the coasts of 

 the United States. Some dates of fall arrival are : Monomoy Island, 

 Massachusetts, July 27, 1886(Cahoon) ; Long Island, New York, average 

 August 5, earliest July 27, 1892 (Scott) ; Monterey, Calif., July 18, 1892 

 (Loomis); Fort Churchill, Keewatin, July 30, 1900 (Preble); com- 

 mon at Corpus Christi, Tex., after July 1, 1887 (Sennett); Toronto, 

 Ontario, July 30, 1898 (Nash); Henley Harbor, Ungava, August 20, 

 1860 (Coues); Mingan Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, August 16, 1887 

 (Palmer); Montreal, Canada, August 17, 1891 (Wintle); Erie, Pa., 

 August 24, 1889 (Sennett); Punta Rassa, Fla., August 2, 1886 

 @cott); San Mateo, Tehuantepec, August 9, 1869 (Sumichrast) ; 

 Jamaica, August 13, 1863 (March); Bermudas, August 3, 1874 (Reid); 

 Talcahuano, Chile, September 9, 1879 (Sharpe). Dates of the last 

 seen are: York Factory, August 26, 1900 (Preble); eastern Massa- 

 chusetts, October 9, 1889 (Miller); Erie, Pa., September 25, 1900 

 (Todd); Long Island, New York, September 20, 1889 (Scott), accir 

 dental November 24, 1887 (Scott). 



Black Turnstone. Arenaria melanocephala (Vig.). 



Breeding range. — The black turnstorie breeds commonly on the 

 coast of Alaska riear the mouth of the Yukon (Nelson) and up the 

 Yukon as far as Nulato (Dall and Bannister). It breeds less com- 

 monly north to Kotzebue Sound (Townsend) and south to Nushagak 

 (McKay). It has been seen on the eastern side of Bering Strait 

 nearly to Point Barrow, Alaska (Nelson), and on the western side to 

 Herald Island (Nelson), off the northern coast of Siberia, but it is not 

 yet known to breed in either of these localities. 



Winter range. — The greater number winter on the coast of Lower 

 California, south to Magdalena Bay (Anthony). The species is not 

 rare in. winter on the California coast as far north as San Francisco 

 (Mailliard), and a few have been known to winter at the Strait of 

 Juan de Fuca (Suckley). It may winter occasionally even in south- 

 eastern Alaska, for the National Museum has a specimen collected 

 February 2, 1897, at Howkan Island, Alaska (Cantwell). 



Spring migration. — The species arrived at St. Michael, Alaska, 

 about the middle of May (Nelson) and at Nulato, Alaska, May 16, 

 1867, and May 23, 1868 (Dall and Bannister). 



Fall migration. — The black turnstone occurs on the Pacific coast 

 from British Columbia (Kermode) to southern California throughout 



