FKAZAB OYSTEK-CATCHEK. 99 



the entire summer, but is not known to breed (Grinnell). The pres- 

 ence of these nonbreeding birds prevents accurate observations on 

 the arrival of the first migrants from the north, but it seems probable 

 that early in July some appear on the coast of central California, and 

 the species-was seen August 6, 1902, on the Coronados Islands, Lower 

 California (Grinnell and Daggett). The last leave the delta of the 

 Yukon about the middle of September (Nelson) and Nushagak, 

 Alaska, September 22, 1902 (Osgood). 



European Oyster-catcher. Hsematopus ostralegua Linn. 

 The southwestern coast of Greenland has been visited several times 

 by the European oyster-catcher, once as far north as Godthaab, lati- 

 tude 64° (Winge). It is not certainly known to breed there, but its 

 breeding range extends from Iceland and western Europe to Turke- 

 stan and from southern Europe to the Arctic coast. It winters from 

 central Europe to central Africa and to western India. 



Oyster-catcher. Hsematopiis palliatus Temm. 



The oyster-catcher ranges south to Santa Catharina, southern 

 Brazil (Sharpe), and to Arauco in central Chile (Sharpe). It 

 occurs throughout most of the West Indies and Central America 

 and along both coasts of Mexico — on the west coast north to the 

 Tres Marias (Nelson). On the Atlantic coast it is resident as far 

 north as South Carolina (Coues), and formerly was common on the 

 Yirginia coast (Bailey) , and bred at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey 

 (Wilson). There are a few records for the coast of Massachusetts 

 (Brewer) and one at Grand Manan, New Brunswick (Boardman). 

 At the present time it is "rare or accidental north of Virginia, though 

 a flock of about 20 was seen July 20, 1907, at Digby, Nova Scotia, 

 by W. H. Osgood, of the Biological Survey. It is still resident on the 

 coasts of Louisiana and Texas. 



It breeds throughout most of its regular range and probably most 

 individuals are nonmigratory. The few that migrate along the south- 

 ern Atlantic coast perform their short migratidns principally in 

 March. Eggs were taken at Corpus Christi, Tex., in 1882, April 

 6 to 27 (Goss). Eggs are recorded in Florida from April 10 to May 6; 

 and they have been collected on the islands of the Virginia coast 

 from May 3 to July 12. 



Frazar Oyster-catcher. Exmatopus frazari Brewst. 

 The Frazar oyster-catcher is apparently nonmigratory, and is the 

 common breeding bird of both coasts of southern Lower California, 

 "whence it ranges along the whole west coast of the peninsula and north 

 to San Diego (Cooper), the coast of Ventura County (Evermann), and 

 the Santa Barbara Islands (Cooper), casual on the coast of Sinaloa, 

 Mexico (Nelson and Goldman). In the northern part of its range 

 it is not so numerous as iachmani, whose range overlaps that of 



