Ethnological History. 



tion from the Continent into some of the towns of this 

 district, where the manufacture of "West of England " cloths 

 has since been carried on. The immigrants were partly 

 Flemings, partly Walloons, partly natives of different parts 

 of France. The evidence of surnames proves that there has 

 been, during the last few centuries, a very considerable 

 immigration of Welshmen from beyond the Severn, especially 

 into Gloucestershire. That of Scotchmen and Irishmen has 

 been comparatively small, except into Bristol : and even 

 there the Irish element is smaller than might have been 

 expected from the constant intercourse with the Irish seaports. 

 Proportion of The varying proportions of the race-elements 

 Race-elements, of population are hereabouts indicated much 

 more clearly by complexion and colour of hair, and by facial 

 features, than by stature or by the principal dimensions of 

 the head. Thus, the people of the Cotswolds and of Eastern 

 Wiltshire are generally fairer in complexion and smoother in 

 feature than those of Selwood and Mendip. In Wiltshire I 

 find 35 per cent, of adults to have dark brown or black hair, in 

 Gloucestershire 42, in Bath 36, in Somerset 51, the proportion 

 increasing as we proceed westwards. The average stature, 

 according to the Report of the Anthropometric Committee, 

 is in Wiltshire 66 -34 inches (without shoes), in Gloucester- 

 shire 66"3i, in Somerset 66'3o ; the figures being thus almost 

 identical. The material for these schedules was mostly of 

 my own collection. I am inclined to think that the average 

 in Upper Wiltshire would be greater. The ratio of head- 

 breadth to length is in Wiltshire very low, only 76-8 in the 

 living subject ; in Gloucestershire it is 77-6 ; in East Somerset 

 777 ; in Bristol, where the population has of course been 

 chiefly recruited from Gloucestershire and Somerset, it is 

 7 7 '65, being exactly the mean of the two. 



