Geology. 233 



Deer, Lemming, Arvicola, Sorex, Bat and Frog, specimens 

 of which have been deposited by Chas. Moore in the top 

 cases of the gallery at the Bath Museum. 



^ . From the porous and fissured nature of the 



Spnngs. .... 



rocks, With their intercalated bands of liiarl 

 and clay, forming the nucleus of our hills, atwndant springs 

 burst forth on their slopes. Generally, however, there are 

 two zones, whence our chief supplies are obtained. The 

 upper source issues from between the Great Oolite and the 

 FuUer's-earth Clays beneath, copious at certain seasons, but 

 liable to be readily affected by the climatic conditions pre- 

 vailing at the time ; the lower one, however, bursting forth 

 between the Sands at the base of the Inferior OoUte and 

 the impervious Lias Clays, is both more constant and abun- 

 dant, and less liable to sudden fluctuations. 



As regards the Hot Mineral Waters of our 



Hot Springs. 



City, issuing in such volume and at so high 

 a temperature (117" Fahr.), from the bottom of the basin, 

 the source whence they come cannot so easily be traced ; 

 suflice it to say, that the generally received opinion is, 

 that they well up from great depths, probably through 

 some fracture or fissure in the Palaeozoic rocks, which lie 

 beneath the horizontal covering of New Red and Lias. It 

 may be of interest to give here a section of the beds which 

 were cut through in excavating for the foundations of the 

 Grand Pump Room Hotel. 



ft. in. 



Made ground, or accretions from the time of the Ro- 

 man occupation, including pockets of brownish 

 marl, containing many bones of frogs, fish, and 

 other remains, and insects ... ... ... 8 



Drifted marl with vegetable matter, wood, &c., lying 



on the Roman foundation ... ... 4 o 



