OR, MANUAI, OF THB APIARY. 47 



to separate them as species. Apis zonata of the East Indies, 

 and Apis unicolor, are said to be very black. 



I append the following- chart, which I think represents 

 pretty accurately the species, races and varieties of the genus 

 Apis. (See page 48.) 



Where a race is followed by an interrogation point, there 

 is a question if it should not be considered a variety of the last 

 preceding race not thus marked. Some of the races, like the 

 Italian, Cyprian, Greek, etc., Vogel considers had their origin 

 in a cross between the yellow and black races. Vogel's con- 

 clusion was reached from a long series of experiments, cross- 

 ing Italian and German bees, and then breeding from such 

 crosses. It seems likely that through the law of variation 



Fig. 4. 



Head of Worker, magnifled. — Orlgijial. 

 Antennis, Compound Eyes, Simple Eyes. 



each race might have originated independently, or possibly 

 all, as varieties of the Eg-yptian bee. 



In the autumn of 1879, Mr. D. A. Jones, of Beeton, Ontario, 

 Canada, inaugurated the grandest enterprise ever undertaken 

 in the interest of apiculture. This was nothing less than to 

 visit Cyprus, Syria, and the more distant India and the East 

 Indies, for the purpose of securing and introducing into Amer- 

 ica such species and races of bees as gave promise of superior 

 excellence. Mr. Jones procured the services of Mr. Frank 



