OR, MANUAI, OF THB APIARY. 83 



neumon, 1-400 ; water beetle, 1-4200. In man it is 1-40. So 

 we see that the bee is at the summit of insect intelligence, as 

 man is of the vertebrate. The convolutions (Fig. 30) add to 

 the argument. 



From the brain many fibers extend on each side to the 

 compound eyes. The minute nerves extend everywhere, and 

 in squeezing out the viscera of an insect, are easily visible. 



In the larva the nerve cord is much as in the adult insect, 

 except the ganglia are more numerous. Girard says, that at 

 first in the larva of the bee there are seventeen ganglia. The 

 supra-oesophageal of the brain, three sub-CEsophageal, three 

 thoracic — one for each ring — and ten abdominal. Soon the 

 three sub-oesophageal merge into one, as do also the last three 

 abdominal, when there are in all thirteen (Fig. 31). In the 



Fig. 29. 



Brain of Insect, after D-ujardln. 

 a a Antennae, ooo Ocelli. 



pupa, the last two of the thorax, and the first two abdominal, 

 unite into the twin-like post-thoracic (Fig. 31), which supplies 

 the meso, and meta-thoracic legs, and both pairs of wings with 

 nerves. The fourth and fifth ganglia also unite, so that the 

 adult worker-bee has nine ganglia in all. The brain or supra- 

 oesophageal (Fig. 27), supplies nerves to the compound eyes, 

 ocelli, antenna; and labrum ; the sub-oesophageal gives off 

 nerves to the mandibles, maxillae, and labium ; the first gan- , 

 glion of the thorax sends nerves to the anterior legs. There 

 are only four abdominal ganglia in the drone. The brain 

 (Fig. 29, 30), like our own, is enclosed in membranes, is com- 

 posed of white and gray matter, and is undoubtedly the seat of 

 intelligence. Hence, as we ' should suppose, the brain of the 



