134 



THB BEE-KBBPER'S GUIDE; 



gatit monograph from which I have taken several figures, 

 described with beautiful illustrations the mouth organs of the 

 honey-bee, but was in doubt as to their physiology. Dr. 

 Hyatt, of New York, did much to explain the anatomy of the 

 bee's tongue ; but so far as I know I was the first to explain 

 accurately the anatomy and physiology of this organ. Within 

 the mentum (Fig. 55, C, m) are strong muscles for retracting 



Fig. i=>. 



Tongue bent under Head. 



Toityae extended fur 

 snekhig. 



m Maxillas. £ Retractor muscles. The 



L Ligula. opening opposite L. at upper 



.s- m. Sub-nientum. base of tongue between par- 



D Duct from upjier agloss;e. All from Wolff, 

 heail and tbo- 

 racic glands. 



Base of Labium. 



the organ. The force of suction is doubtless analogous to the 

 act of drinking on our own part. The rhythmical motion of 

 the ligula in sipping honey is thus explained. By the muscles 

 of the mouth the cavity is enlarged, producing suction, when 

 by pressure swallowing is accomplished. 



When not in use, the tongue with the attendant mouth 

 organs, are bent back under the head (Fig. 55, B). 



GI,ANDUI<AR ORGANS. 



These important organs, which have been so fully 

 described by Siebold, Wolff, and especially by Schiemenz, are 



