OR, MANUAI< OF THB APIARY. 387 



After the water is drained from the cappings they can be con- 

 verted into pure wax, as already described. 



The poorer grades of honey and rinsings from cleaning 

 barrels and honey from utensils may also be profitably used 

 in the same way. One and one-half pounds of honey will 

 make one gallon of the best vinegar. Mr. E. France adds 

 honey to water until an egg sinks so as to expose a surface 

 about the size of a ten-cent piece. It should be put in a close 

 barrel with a one-inch auger-hole to permit escape of gases. 

 Some good vinegar or yeast should be added to start fermen- 

 tation. After working or fermentation commences draw off a 

 pailful occasionally and turn it back. If one or two kegs or 

 barrels are working at the same time, turn from one into the 

 other. It is well to turn old vinegar into new or unripe, but 

 the reverse should never be done, as it injures the keeping 

 qualities. By using old, sour barrels and old vinegar to start 

 fermentation, vinegar may be made in one year, else it will 

 take two. 



FAIRS AND THB MARKET. 



Our English friends have demonstrated that large honey 

 exhibitions are most powerful aids in developing the honey 

 market. 



Till within a few years our American honey exhibits have 

 been a disgrace and a hindrance, and they are largely so to- 

 day. A little second-rate honey sandwiched in with sugar and 

 syrups, and supplemented by a cake or two of black, dirty wax, 

 describes the honey exhibit of most of our fairs to-day. The 

 premiums range from twenty-five cents to fifty cents. 



WHAT SHOULD WB HAVB? 



Our industry demands a separate building, filled with 

 tons, not pounds, of honey, and exhibiting everything that is 

 valuable in modern apiculture. Bees may be exhibited in 

 hives covered by wire-gauze, and if it is desired to manipulate 

 them, this can be readily done in a bee-tent, to the great satis- 

 faction and pleasure of many who know nothing of such mat- 

 ters. I have proved this by actual trial. 



It can be arranged with the managers that sales of honey 



