Tn;EBcrLO!^w and rNEUMONiA. \:\j 



plicasants is tuberculosis. Tliis diseuso is vei-y lufectifiiis, 

 the infection beiug conveyed by tlie excreta contaniiuatiug 

 the soil, and so getting on to the food. The Ijirds aftectcd 

 become anaemic, dull, and emaciated, and their loss of weight 

 is so well known to ])he:isant breeders that tlu'V are termed 

 '■ light birds." The real diagnosis of avine talierculosis can, 

 however, only be made by post-mortem cxa.ujination, and in 

 many cases a bactei-iological one is also nccessar}'. The 

 disease is ])roduced by a specific bacillus, closeU' allied to, if 

 not the same as, the bacillus which produces human tuber- 

 culosis. This (jbtaiuing entrance with the food tirst causes 

 tubei'culous ulceration of some portion of the intestinal tract ; 

 the spleen and liver are next affected, and the bird liecooies 

 thin and dies. The lungs are seldom the seat <j[ tuberculous 

 disease, tlnjugh it has beeu seen there, :iud al^o in very rare 

 cases in some of the lymphatic glands. 'J'he apjiearaiice of 

 the liver is very marked, being mottled with white nodules 

 from the size of a pin's head to that of a pea; Imt it is not 

 safe to rely wholly upuu the ajipearance of this organ, f(U' a 

 somewhat similar condition is produced by coccidiosis, and in 

 many cases a bacteriological examination alone can determine 

 the difference. Unfortunately there is no curative treatment 

 for this disease, and, when once it makes its ap])earance, the 

 only thing to do is to kill and bum all sickly birds, and put 

 the healthy ones on to fresh ground. It is even better to 

 kill off all the old stock and get a fresh and healthy supply of 

 birds, at the same time taking care to barn all the old 

 aviaries and to build new ones on fresh ground. 



Young pheasants are very liable tu pneumonia. This 

 disease, during the cohl and wet seasons of f'.Mil) and lUlU, 

 caused the death of many young birds, especiaJly the weaker 

 and later hatched. 



The most troublesome and fatal disease known as the 

 " ga.pes " is caused by the presence of small red v>'orms in the 

 trachea, or windpipe. For the first careful deuniiibtration of 

 the cause of this disease we are indebted tti the late Mr. 



