TUEDUS PALLASI, HERMIT THRUSH. 3 



1862, 124 (Maine, breeding). — Verr., ihid. 137 (Anticosti). — Allen, Pr. Ess. 

 Inst, iv, 1864, 56 (Massachusetts, migratory). — Lawr., Ann. Lyo. N. Y. viii, 

 1866, 281. — McIlwraixh, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1866, 84 (Canada West, migratory). — 

 Codes, ibid, vi, 1868, 266.— Codes, Pr. Bost. Sue. xii, 1868, 106 (South Carolina, 

 common iu winter, October to March).- Tdrm., B. E. Pa. 1869, 14 (chiefly mi- 

 gratory, some wintering). — EiDGW., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, IdS. — Ajllen, Mem. 

 Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 514 (Illinois).— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 89 (Southern New 

 England, until November). — Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871 (breeding, 

 Maine and New Hampshire).— Allex, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 254 (Florida, in 

 winter) ; iii, 1872, 173 (Kansas and Colorado). — Mayn., B. Ela. 1872, 8. — Codes, 

 Key, 1872, 72.-.SXOW, 13 B. Kas. 1873, 4. 



Turdus soUtarius, WiLS., Am. Orn. v, 1812, 95 (not of Linnseus; not the plate 43, f. 2, 

 which is swaiiisotn). — Bp., Comp. List, 1838, 17. — AuD., Syn. 1839, 91. — AiiD., 

 B. Am. iii, 1841, 29, pi. 146.— Brewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1844, 191.— Bp., Consp. Av. 

 i, 1850, 270. — WooDH., Sitgr. Kep. 1853, 72 (Te.xas and New Mexico). — Puts., 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 209 (Massachusetts, occasional in winter). — ScL., P. Z. S. 

 1857, 212. — Trippe, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871 (Minnesota, migratory). 



Merula soUtaria, Sws. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 184, pi. "35," by error for 37.— Vibill., 

 Ois. A. S. ii, 1807, 7, pi. 63 (in part).— Brewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1844, 191. 



Turdus minor, Bp., Journ. Phila. Acad, iv, 1824, 33. — Bp., Syn. 1828, 75. — Nutt., Man. i, 

 1832, 346.— Add., Orn. Biog. i, 1832, 303, pi. 58; v, 1839, 445.— Gikadd, B. L. Isl. 

 1844, 90.— (?) Rbinh., Birds Greenland, 6 (" T. imnor,<im.") 



" Turdus guttatus, Cab., Fu. Peru. 1844, 6, 147" (fide Baird). 



b. nanus. 



Tardus nanus, Add., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 201, pi. 419 (n.ame T. minor on plate). — Add., B. 

 Am. iii, 1841, 32, pi. 147.— Game., Pr. A. N. 8. i, 1843, 262; 1844, 14; 1846, 

 113 ; Journ. 1847, 41.— Bd., B. N. A. 18r,8, 213.— ScL., P. Z. S. 1859 ; Cat. 1862, 2.— 

 Heerm., p. E. R. Eep. x, le.")y, part vi, 45.— Bd., Rev. 1864, 15.— Codes, Pr. 

 Phila. Acad. 1866, 65.— Ridgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 129.— Dall & Baxx., 

 Trans. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 275.— Coop., B. Cil. i, 1870, 4. 



Turdus paTlasi var. nanus, CoUEiS, Key, 1872, 72. 



" (?) Turdus aonalaschica, Gm.— (f ?) Muscicapa guttata, Pall." (Baird). 



c. audubonii. 



Merula silens, S\\-S., Philos. Mag. i, 1827, 647, nee T. silens, V.— Sws., F. B. A. ii, 1631, 186.— 



Bd., B. N. a. 1858, 213, 922 (Fort Bridger).— Scl., P, Z. S. 1858, 325 (LaParada) ; 



1859, 325 (Oaxaca); Cat. 1862, 2. 

 Turdus audubonii, Bd., Rev. 1864, 16. — Ridgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 129. — Sdmicii,, 



Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 542 (Vera Cruz, alpine region, resident). — Stevexsox, 



U. S. Geol. Snrv. Ter. 1870, 463.— Merriam, ibid. 1872. 

 Turdus pallasi var. audubonii, Codes, Key, 1872, 72. 



Hah. — The typical form ranges over the whole Eastern Province of North America ; 

 and it appears that specimens from the Middle and Western Provinces also are fre- 

 quently indistinguishable. Also, Greenland, if Reinhardt's quotation belongs to this 

 species. Breeds from New England northward ; winters abundantly in the Southern, 

 and occasionally in the Middle {TurnbuU) States. Var. nanus chieiiy from the regions 

 west of thfi Rocky Mountains, but also accredited to Pennsylvania. Var. audubonii is 

 only quoted from the Southern Rocky Mountain region, and thence southward on the 

 table-lands of Mexico, where it is stated to be resident. ./ 



This species was not noticed by either of the earlier expeditions. 



Later Expeditions. — var. audubonii, 606T5, Uintah Mountains ; 59852^ Middle Park, Col. 

 {Schmidt & Stevenson). 



There is unquestionably but a single species of Hermit Thrusli in/,^;^ - 

 North America. It is impossible to draw any dividing line between the^ 

 so-called species, and, in fact, it is sufficiently difficult to predicate 

 varietal distinction. 



The Hermit Thrush is, upon the whole, a more northerly bird than any , ■ , 

 of its allies; not that the Olive-backed Thrush may not proceed as far , 

 north in summer, but the Hermit Thrush migrates earlier in the spring, f^^~ • 

 lingers northward later in the fall, and winters further north, 1 h'cLve^Of- i 

 found no Central American quotations. At Washington, 1). 0,, for in- f 



stance, an intermediate point, the Hermit Thrush arrives in the van of 

 the other three species, some time in March, becomes at once abundant, 

 and is seen through the following month ; it does not come back until 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



