b TUEDID^, THEUSHES. 



Peent., Smiths. Eep. 1861, 404 (Washington, D. C, migratory).— Hayd., 

 Eep. 1862, 158.— Veee., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 146 (Maine, breeds).— Bd., Eev. 

 1864, 17.— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 56 (Massachusetts, breeds).— Lawk., 

 Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 1866, 281 (New York).— McIlweaith, Pr. Ess. 

 Inst. V, 1866, 84 (Hamilton, Canada West, breeds).— CouES, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 

 1868, 266.— CouES, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1868, xii, 106 (South Carolina, chiefly migra- 

 tory, some probably winteriug). — Allex, Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 493 (Iowa, 

 July), 514.— Turn., B. E. Pa. 1869, 14 ("plentiful from April to October, a few 

 remaining during winter").— Eidgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 127.— Mayx., 

 Guide, 1870, 90 (Massachusetts, abundant iu summer). — Mayn., Pr. Bost. 

 Soc. xiv, 1871 (Maine and New Hampshire, summer).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 

 1871, 256 (Florida, winteriug) ; iii, 1872, 155, 173 (mountains of Colorado). — 

 Mayn., B. Fla. 1872, 10.— Codes, Key, 1872, 73. 



Turdus silens, Vieill., Enc. Met. ii, 1623, 647 ( = mustelinus, WiLS. ; not silens, Sws.) 



Turdus ivilsoni, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, 34, No. 73 ; Syn. 1828, 75, No. 100 ; Cousp. i, 1850, 

 271.— NuTT., Man. i, 1832, 349.— Aud., Orn. Biog. ii, 1834, 362; v, 1839, 446, pi. 

 166.— Aud., Svn. 1839, 90.— Aud., B. Am. iii, 1841, 27, pi. 145.— Gieaud, B. L. I. 

 1844, 89.— Cab., "Fn. Peru. 1844-'46, 205."— Putn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856,209 

 (Massachusetts, breeding). — Teippe, ibid., vi, 1871, 115 (Minnesota, breeding). 



Meriila mihani, Bkewee, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1844, 191 . 



" Turdus minor, D'Oebigny, La Sagra's Cuba, Ois. 1840, 47, pi. 5 (Cuba)." 



Merttla minor, Sws. & EiCH., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 179, pi. 36. 



Hah. — Eastern North America. North to Hudson's Bay and the Saskatchewan. West 

 to the Eocky Mountains (Colorado, Allen ; Fort Bridger, Baird). South to Panama. 

 Cuba. Breeds from Southern New England (from Pennsylvania, Tiirribull), and Iowa 

 northward. Winters from Florida and Gulf States (? from South Carolina, Couea ; 

 irom Pennsylvania, Turnlmll) southward. Not seen iu Alaska. 



Not obtained by Captain Eaynolds' Expedition. 



Zieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 4713, mouth of Vermilion Eiver. 



iMter Expeditions. — 60676, Green Eiver (Schmidt & Stevenson), 



This is an Eastern species, but not exclusively so, although its range 

 is much more limited, both to the northward aud westward, than that 

 of either sicainsoni or pallasi. Dr. Hayden reports it from the Lower 

 Missouri ; it has not been observed higher up than the locality above 

 given. Prof. Baird gives a Fort Bridger record. Mr. Allen met with 

 it at several points in Colorado between Denver and the Park, es- 

 pecially along the North Fork of the South Platte. It occurs in winter 

 as far south as Panama, and in Cuba. It does not appear to run into 

 varieties like the more extensively dispersed pallasi and stvainsoni, but 

 is as constant as mustelinus, that, like it, is restricted in range. These 

 facts seem mutually explanatory. 



The nest of this species is built on or close to the ground, and the 

 eggs are unmarked. 



A Veery's nest, which I found near Pembina, Dakota, on the Eed 

 PLiver of the North, was placed on a little heap of decaying leaves caught 

 at the foot of a bush ; resting on these, it was settled firmly in the crotch 

 formed by se^'cral stems diverging at once from the root. The base of 

 the nest was quite damp, but the floor was suflSciently thick to keep the 

 interior dry. The nest was built of various slender weed-stems, grass- 

 stalks, and fibrous strips of bark, compactly woven and mixed with 

 dried leaves ; the latter formed the lining of the base inside. The cavity 

 is rather small, considering the bulkiness of the whole nest, measuring 

 only about two inches and a half across by less than two in depth. The 

 whole is as large as an infant's head, and of irregular contour, fitting the 

 crotch iu which it was placed, and bearing deep impress of the ascending 

 stems of the bush. This nest contained four eggs, fresh (June 9) ; they 

 measured, on an average, 0.86 by 0.66, and were pale greenish-blue, with- 

 out spots. The female, scared from her nest by my approach, flew silently 

 off to a little distance, where she rested to observe my actions. The 

 bird breeds very abundantly in the heavy shrubbery along the river, 

 and is one of the sweetest .songsters, of that region. When its clear 

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