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STLVIID^ — EEGULUS SATEAPA. 



■ " Cal. Acad. 1870, 75 ; B. Cal. 1870, 33.— Call & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 



276.— Stbv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 463.— Merr., ibid. 1872, 672.— Mayn., 

 -'■ B. Fla. 1872, 27.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 174.— Aiken, Pr. Bost. Soc. 



XV, 1872, 195.— TiuppB, ibid. 234.— CouES, Key, 1872, 78.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 

 ^ J 4. — Aud of authors generally. 



BeguJoides calendula, Bp., Consp. Av. i, 1850, 292. 

 * Fhyllobaaileus calendula, Cab., Mus. Hein. 1851, 33. 



Begulus rubineiis, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. li, 1807, 49, pis. 104, 105. 

 ' Suby-croimed Wren, Edw., Birds, pi. 254, f. 2. — Penn., Aict. Zool. ii, No. 320. — Lath., 

 Syn. iv, 511. . 



Sab. — The whole of North America. South through Mexico to Central America. 



Greenland (Keinh., Ibis, iii, 5). Accidental in Europe (Gould, P. Z. S. 1858, 290 ; 



Beeb, B. Eur. ii, 109 ; Harting, Br. B. i, 1872, 107). 

 > f Not obtained by Captain Eaynolds' Expedition. 



: Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 4683-85, mouth of Big Sioux Eiver. ' '' 



. Later Expeditions. — 60696-7, Green Eiver and Little Sandy; 60948-57, Green Elver / ^ 



and Henry's Fork {Schmidt and Stevenson). 62333-4, Wyoming {Merriam). i 



The range of this species proves much more extensive thaa was for- 

 merly supposed, as shown by the above quotations. I have traced it ^ ' 



""' along the Atlantic coast from Labrador to South Carolina, found it "^ ' ' 

 » abundant in Arizona, and observed it during the migrations in Eastern ^*< i 



^ Dakota. Alaska has lately been added to the list of quotations, as well ^6~l 



~^ as various places in Mexico and thence to Guatemala. Mr. Allen states 



that it is a common summer resident of the mountains of Colorado, from . \.. 

 9,000 feet up to timber line, and that he obtained young in the vicinity* ' r 

 of Mount Lincoln toward the end of July. It appears to breed mainly •-'^^ ^ 

 in mountainous regions or in high latitudes. A nest is said to have been; '" 

 recently discovered in Western New York ; it was built in the fork of a ^ ; ( 

 tree, and contained young. But in most parts of the United States the 



;, , bird is a migrant only, passing through in large numbers, in company ■ ^ • 

 with B. satrapa, titmice, and various warblers ; frequenting orchards, 



■ thickets aud copses, more rarely high, open woods. It is incessant in 

 motion, hopping nimbly in search of the minute insects and larvae which 



. form its food, uttering its weak chirps. It winters abundantly all along 

 our southern border, whence it retires in March, reaching the Middle 

 districts by the end of that month. Some linger well into May, and 

 come into full song before they leave. Their vocal powers are remark- 

 able for such small birds ; the song is a clear and jjleasing warble. In 

 / the fall, when they appear in still greater number than in the spring, 

 many linger in the Middle districts until the second week in November, 

 There has been some discussion respecting a supposed sexual differ- 

 ence in the scarlet crest of this species. But the fact is that both sexes 

 possess this ornament; and that neither gains it for at least one year is 

 proved by the circumstance that in the spring migrations a number of 

 individuals are found with the head perfectly plain. The sexes are never 

 positively distinguishable by outward characters. In this respect the 

 il)ecies differs from B. satrapa, the female of which lacks the scarlet 

 central patch in the yellow of the crown. 



_ y y ' BEGULUS SATEAPA, Licht. t 



Golden-crested Kinglet. 



Begulus satrapa, Licht., Verzeichn. 1823, No. 410.— Bp., List, 1838, 19.— Aud., Syn. 1839, 

 82 ; B. Am. ii, 1841, 165, pi. 132.— Woodh., Sitgr. Eep. 1853, 67 (New Mexico).— 

 SCL., P. Z. S. 1857, 212 (Orizaba).— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 227 ; Eev. 1864, 65.— 

 £■ Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 174.— Baed., J. f. 0. iv, 33, pi. 1, fig. 8 



(egg. Labrador). — CouES & Prent., Smiths. Eep. 1861, 405 (Washington, D. C., 

 wintering). — Lord, Pr. Eoy. Art. Inst. 1864, 114 (Vancouver). — Dress., Ibis, 

 1865, 476 (T6xas).--CouE8, Pr. Phil. Acad. 1866, 66 (Ai-izona).- Daxl & Bann., 



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