82 PYEANGA EUBEA — P. ESTIVA. 



Family TANAGRID^ : Tanagers. 



^ PYBANGA KUBEA, (Linn.) Yieill. " 



Scarlet Tanager. 



Imagra rubra, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1706, 314.— Gm., i, 1788, 839.— Wils.. Am. Orn. ii, 

 1810, 42, pi. 11, f. 3, 4.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 105.— Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 465.— Add., 

 Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 388, pi. 354, f. 3, 4. 



Pyranga rubra, Vibill., Ois. Am. Sept. i, 1807.— Sw. & EiCH., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 273.— 

 Jakd., ed. Wils. 1832, i, 192.— Bp., List, 1838, 35; Consp. 1850, 241 (quotes pi. 

 Enlum. 127 ,J , 156 5 ; Desm., Tang. pi. 34).— Aud., Syn. 1839, 136.— AoD., B. 

 Am., iu, 1841, 226, pi. 209.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 135.— Woodh., Sitgr. Eep. 1853, 

 82 (Texas and Indian Territory;.— GossE, B. Jam. 1847, 235.— ScL., P. Z. S. 

 1855, 156 (Bogota); 1856, 123 (Cuba, Jamaica); 1858, 73 (Ecuador); Cat. 1862, 

 80 (Bogofa).— Maxim., J. f. O. vi, 1858, 270.— Be, B. N. A. 1858, 30.— Sumich., 

 Mem. Best. Soc. i, 1869, 550 (Vera Cruz).— Lawii., Ann. Lyo. 1861, 331 (Pan- 

 ama).; ix, 1868, 99 (Costa Eica).— Gundl., Eep. 238 (Cuba).— Allen, Bull. M. 

 C. Z. iii, 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas). — Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 5.— CouES, Key, 

 1872, 111 ; and of late writers. 



Plioenisoma rubra, Sw., Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 



Phoenicosoma rubra, Cab., Mus. Hein. i, 1850, 24. 



Pyranga erythromelas, ViEiLL., Enc. Met. 800 ; Nouv. Diet, xxviii, 293. /'":■,/ 



fliti.— ^Easteru United States and British provinces (north to 59°, Richardson). West ;., 

 to Kansas and Indian Territory only. Breeds at large through its United States range ; * 

 none winter. Southin winter through Mexico aud Central America, to Ecuador. Cuba., r,, 



Jamaica. U /X I 



The Missouri extension of this species is very limited, probably not 6"' " j^ 

 reaching above Leavenworth. ' 



The egg of the Scarlet Tanager is pale dull greenish, minutely freck- 

 led all over with light reddish-brown, the markings often aggregated 

 into a wreath around the larger end. Size about 0.90 by 0.65. 



yt>\ 



PYEANGA ESTIVA, (Gm.) VieUl. 

 Snmmer Redbird. 



a. cestiva. 



Muscicapa rubra, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 326. 



Tanagra wstiva, Gm., Syst'. Nat. i, 1788, 889. — Wils., Am. Orn. i, 95, pi. 6, f. 3.— Bp., Syn. 

 18-28, 105.— NtJTT., Man. i, 1832, 469.— Aud., Om. Biog. i, 1831, 232: v, 1839, 

 518, pi. 44. 



Pyranga wativa, Vieill., Enc. Met. 799 ; Nonv. Diet, xxviii, 291.— Bp., P. Z. S. 1837, 117 ; 

 List, 1838, 35 ; Consp. i. 1850, 241.— LiNS., Am. Journ. xliv, 1848, 261 (Conneo- 

 ticut).— Woodh., Sitgr.' Eep. 1853, 82.— Scl., P. Z. S. 1855, 156 (Bogota); 1856, 

 123 (Cuba, Jamaica) ; 142, 303 (Cordova) ; 1858, 73 (Ecuador) ; '358 (Honduras) ; 

 1859, 364 (Xalapa); 377 (Oaxaca); 1860, 293 ; Cat. 1862, 80.— Scl. & Salv., Ibis, 

 1859, 15 (Guatemala) ; P. Z. S. 1867, 278 (Mosquito goast); 1870, 836.— Taylor, 

 Ibis, 1860, 111.— PuTN., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1866, 224.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 301.— 

 Cab., J. f. 0. 1860, 329 (Costa Eica).— j^llen. Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 83.— Codes, 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 275.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. vii, 1861, 297 (Panama); viii, 

 1865, 176 (New Granada); ix, 1868, 99 (Costa Eica).— Eidgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 

 1869, 130 ("to Nova Scotia").— Sumich., Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 548 (Vera 

 Cruz).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 5.— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 109 (Massachusetts).— 

 CouES, Key, 1872, 111, fig. 52i>; plate ii, figs. 19, 20; and of late writers. 



b. cooperi. 



Pyranga wsUva, Coop., Pr. Cal. Acad. 1861, 122.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 71 (refers 



to one, of Dr. Cooper's specimens, afterward called cooperi by Mr. Eidgway). 

 Pyranga hepatica, CouBS, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 71 (excl. syn. In part. Intended to 



indicate the true Tiepatica, but erroneously included my Eio Grande specimens, 



afterward made types of P. cooperi). 

 Pyranga cooperi, ElDGW., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 130 (Eocky Mountains). — CoOP., B. 



Cal. i, 1870, 142. 

 Pyranga wsiiva var. cooperi, C0fpti¥e^ &^MHt(^li^ 



