LOXIA CURVIROSTEA VAE. AMERICANA. 109 



familiar than most small birds are, frequenting open hillsides and ravines, 

 often in company with Cassia's Purple Pinches. They were abundant, 

 and apparently residents, though more numerous in the spring and fall 

 than at other seasons. I also found them in good feather and full song 

 iu November, at San Pedro, when I enjoyed the hospitalities of my 

 friend Dr. Cooper, then post surgeon at Druuim Barracks. He told me 

 that further south, at San Diego, they begin to build early in March. 

 Under the name of Linnets, tiiey are often kept in cages in California, 

 as the Arkansas Goldfinch is in New Mexico. 



Mr. Trippe informs me that the Crimson-fronted Pinch is only an 

 occasional visitor to Clear Creek County, Colorado, small flocks some- 

 times visiting the lower valleys in late spring. It does not breed in the 

 county, so far as his observations go, though it is not improbable that a 

 few nest in Bergen's Park. 



'^LOXIA CUEVIROSTRA var. AMERICANA, (Wils.) Coues. r-^- 



American Red Crossbill. 



b. americana. 



Xoito cwmrosft-a, FoEST., Phil. Trans. -Ixii, 1772, No. 23.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 117. — Nutt., 

 Man. i, 1832, 583.— AnD., Orn. BiOR. ii, 1834, 559 ; v, 511 ; pi. 197 ; Syu. 1839, 

 128 ; B. Am. iii, 186 ; pi. 200.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 130,— Tuippe, Pr. Ess. Inst, 

 vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota, verj' common, breeds). 



Loxia curvirostra var. americana, CouES, Key, 1872, 351. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. 1, 1874, 

 484, pi. 23, f. 1, 4. 



Cm-virosii-a americana, WiLS., Am. Orn. iv, 1811, 44, pi. 31, f. 1, 2. — Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 

 426.— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wasb. Ter. 1880, 198.— Wheat., Ohio ARrio. Rep. 

 1860, — .— Hayd., Eep. 1802, 165.— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst. iv. 1864, 70.— Boardjl, 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. is, 1862, 126 (Calais, Me.; said to breed-in winter). — CouES, Pr. 

 Eas. Inst, v, 1868, 281.— Tuilnb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 21 (winter, and resident in tbe 

 AUeghanies).— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 281 (Sitka).— Coop., B. 

 Cal. i, 1870, 148 (resident in the Sierra Nevada). — Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 

 1871, — .— Mayn., N. Guide, 1870, 111.— Cotjes, Key, 1872, 129, pi. 3, tigs, 13, 14, 15. 



Loxia americana, Bp., List, 1838, 38 ; Consp. 1850, 527. — Newb., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 1857, 

 87.— Lawi!., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1868, 288 (New York).— Flksch, Abh. Nat. 

 iii, 1872, 56 (Alaska). 



c. mexicana. 



Loxia mexicana, Strickl.. Jard. C. 0. 1851, 43 (city of Mexico). — Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 94. — 

 SCL., P. Z. S. 1859, 365 ; 1864, 174.— Salv., Ibis, 1866, 193 (Guiitemala). 



Curvirostra mexicana, SuMiCH., Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, i, 1869, 551 (Orizaba). — Stev., 

 U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 464. 



Cwvirostra americana var. mexicana, CouBS, Key, 1872, 129. 



Loxia currirostra var. mexicana, Cohes. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. i, 1874, 488. 



Sab. — Northern North America. Sonth into most of the States in winter (on the 

 Atlantic usually to Philadelphia). Resident in Maine, and southward, in alpine re- 

 gions, to Pennsylvania. Breeds in Minnesota. Resident in the Sierra Nevada of Cali- 

 fornia. Sonth along the alpine regions of Mexico to Guatemala (var. mexicana). 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition.— 89S2-63, Laramie Peak. 



Later Expeditions.— 5^61, 60091, Colorado ; 60386-87, Wyoming. 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



Mr. Trippe has furnished me the following observations made in Clear 

 Creek County, Colorado : " Like the Pine Grosbeak, the Crossbill is irreg- 

 ularly distributed throughout the county, flocks of hundreds being occa- 

 sionally seen, while, as a rule, it is not commonly to be met with in this 

 part of the mountains. It ranges much lower than the forrher bird, breed- 

 ing from 7,000 feet, if not lower, all the way up to timber-line; nesting, as 

 near as can be judged from the appearance of the young birds, in April 

 and May, according to the elevation, or about the breaking up of win- 

 ter. In June flocks composed of young and old may be seen roving 



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