116 CHETSOMITEIS TEISTIS — CHEYSOMITEIS PSALTRIA. 



Hob. — ^North America generally. United States chiefly in winter, in roving flocks, j^ 4,1 

 but breeds down to sea-level, as far south at least as Massachusetts (CoUES, Pr. Ess. ' 

 Inst. V, 1868, 280 ; Maitj., Nat. Guide, 1870, 110), and in alpine regions much further. 

 South along the Eocky Mountains into Mexico. 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 5393-94, Little Missouri Eiver (September). 



Later Expeditions.— 62d'.i9-i0, Idaho, in July and August. 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



The erratic movements of this species, according to exigencies of the 

 weather and consequent scarcity of food, render it diflQcult to define its 

 limits with precision. It sometimes appears in localities where it was 

 before unknown, and at unwonted times. 



Prof. Sumichrast states {I. c.) that it is found in the alpine region of 

 "Vera Cruz to the height of 2,000 metres, and that he thinks it does not 

 descend below 1,000 metres. 



In Colorado, according to Mr. Trippe, "the Pine Finch is not very 

 common. It breeds from 7,000 feet up to timber-line. I did not observe 

 this species during winter, but think it probably remains nearly station- 

 ary, like the Pine Grosbeak and Eed Crossbill. It frequents the pine 

 trees principally, but often descends to the weeds and thistles, acting 

 precisely like the Yellow-bird. In spring it sings very agreeably, very 

 much like the latter bird, but in a lower voice ; and like it, has the habit 

 of singing in a lively, rambling sort of way, for an hour or more at 

 a time." The eggs of this species are pale greenish, speckled with rusty- 

 brown, 0.70 by 0.50. Dr. Brewer describes a neat nest of pine twigs 

 lined with hair. 



^ ^ CHEYSOMITEIS TEISTIS, (Linn.) Bp. * 

 American Goldfinch; TMstle-bird ; Tellow-bird. 



Fringilla tristris, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, i766, 320.— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 907.— WiLS., Am. 

 Orn. i, 1808, 20, pi. 1, f. 2.— Bp., Am. Orn. i, p. 57, pi. 8, f. 4.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 

 111.— AuD., Orn."Biog. i, 1831, 172; v, 510 ; pi. 33.— Ndtt., Man. i, 1832, 507. ^ 



Carduelis iristis, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 96.— Add., Syn. 1839, 116 ; B. Am. iii, 1841, 129, ^^v -a 

 pi. 181.— GlK., B. L. I. 1844, 117.-Maxi.-m., J. f. O. vi, 1858, 281. J7/-i 



Chrijsomitris tristis, Bp., List, 1838, 33 ; Consp. Av. i, 1850, 517.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 421.— C, ,a 

 Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1859, 197.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, %■' -f 

 176.— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1S71, 167.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 464.— / ?'''— 

 Merp.., ibid. 1872, 679.— Aiken, Pr. Best. Soc. 1872, 199 (Vfyoming).— CouBS,^''^ ~ 

 Key, 1872, 131, pi. 3, f. 7, 8, 9, 10.— B. B. & E., N. A. B. i, 1874, 471, pi. 22, f. 7, 8; E »-y - 

 and of late writers generally. A^*' - 



Astragalimis tristix, Cab., Mus. Hein. i, 1851, 159. — Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 69. — V06 ' 

 CouEs, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1869, 280.— Koss, J. f. O. 1871, 19. </ J -i 



Carduelifi americana, S\v. & ElCH., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 268. X/V^i 



Hah. — North America generally. ;L/tf - / 



Lieutenant Wai-ren's Expedition. — 4824-25, Eunning Water ; 4659, Fort Pierre; 5391,^,'^-^ 

 Fort Lookout ; 5392, Blackibot country. it.1- ^ 



Later Expeditions.— mi?&-<i\, 60976, Wyoming ; 61666-67, 62335-38, Utah and Idaho. .J i , . ^ 

 Not obtained by Captain Eaynolds' Expedition. ., , 



The egg is white, with a rosy blush when fresh, and usually the faint- ^ 

 est possible bluish hue when blown. The size is about 0.65 by 0.52. 

 The egg of C lawrencei is not distinguishable, but may average rather , ' ' 

 smaller. The habits of both species are essentially the same, y, . : ^ - <-' ' 



CHEYSOMITEIS PSALTEIA, (Say) Bp. 



Arkansas Goldfinch: Mexican Siskin. , 



a. psaltria. 



Fringilla psaltria, Say, Long's Exped. ii, 1823, 40.— Bp., Am. Orn. i, 1825, 54, pi. 6, f. 3; 

 gyn. 1828, 111.— Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 510.— AUD., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 85, pi. 394, 

 Carduelis psaltria, AuD., Syn^|3^/^1^^;^B, ^. m^l^^l34, pi. 183. 



