JUNCO HYEMALIS, EASTERN SNOW-BIRD. 141 



The species of Peuccea differ from all their allies in laying a pure 

 crystal-white egg without markings. That of the present species meas- 

 ures 0.75 by 0.60, being thus quite globose. Four or five are the com- 

 plement. The nest is placed on the ground. 



;- y' 



JUNCO HYEMALIS, (Linn.) Scl. • r__^ »..:,- 



Eastern Snow-bird, 

 a. hyemalis. 



Frtngilla hyemalis, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1758, 183.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 109.— Sw. & Rich., F. 

 B. A. ii, 1831, 259.— AuD., Orn. Biog. i, 1831, 72 ; v, 505 ; pi. 13.— Maxiji., J. f. O. 

 vi, 1858, 277. 



Emherha hjetnalis, Linn., S. N. i, 1766, 308 (Passer nivalis, Gates., i, 36). — Lath., 1. 0, i, 399. 



Stndlms hyemalis, Bp., List, 1838, 31 ; C. Av. i, 1850, 475.— Woonn., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 8.3. 



Niphaia hyemalis, AuD., Sjn. 1839, 106.— AuD., B. Am. iii, 88, pi. 167.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 

 108.- PUTN., Pr. Ess. lust. 1856, 210 (Oct. to May).— Trippe, Pr. Ess. lust, vi, 

 1811, 116 (Miunesota, breeding). 



Jitnco hyemalis, Scl., P. Z. S. 1857, 7.— Be, B. N. A. 1858, 468.— Wheat., Ohio, Agrio. 

 Rep. 1860, No. 152.— CoUES, Pr. Ph. Ac. 1861, 224 (Labrador, breeding).— Ha yd., 

 Rep. 1862, 167.— Sci.., Cat. 1862, 115.— Coues & Prbnt., Smiths. Rop. 1861 

 (1862), 412 (middle of Oct. till May).— Axlbn, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864 (Spring- 

 field, Mass., Oct. 1 to Dec, aud early Mar. till May ; breeds in mountains of 

 Berkshire). — Veur., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 151 (Norway, Me., winter, spring, 

 and fall, breeding iu White Mountains and at Umbagog lakes). — Verr., Pr. 

 Bost. Soo. 1862, 132 (Antioosti, " common all summer"). — Boardm., Pr. Bost. 

 See. 1862, 127 (Calais, Mc, summer, very common, breeds). — Dress., Ibis, 1865, 

 488 (Texas).— CouBS, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 282.— Coues, Pr. Bost. Soo. xii, 

 1868, 115 (South Carolina, Oct. to Apr.).- Cooes, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 85 

 (Arizona, winter, accidental, three specimens). — TuRNn., B. E. Pa. 23 (Oct. 

 to Apr. ; also, breeding on the Alleghanies). — Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, 

 i, 1869, 284 (Nulato, Alaska, common, arriving June 1, breeding). — Allen, Bull. 

 M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 278 (Florida, Jauuary, common).— Mayn., Nat. Guide, 1870, 

 119 (Massachusetts, abundant everywhere, middle Oct. to late May). — Mayn., 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871 (New Hampshtie, common, breeding in June iu districts 

 north of Franconia). — AiKBN, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1872, 201 (Wyoming). — Trippe, 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. XV, 1872, 237 (Iowa).— CouES, Key, 1872, 141.— Snow, B. Kans. 

 1873, 7.— ElDGW., Am. Nat. vii. 1873, 613 (critical).— B. B. & E., N. A. B. i, 1874, 

 580, pi. 26, fig. 5. 



Fnngilla luuUonia, FoRST., Phil. Tr. Ixii, 1772, 428.— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 926.— WiLS., 

 Ihdex, vi, 1812, p. xiii. 



Fringilla nivalis, WiLS., Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 129, pi. 16, f. 6.— NuTT., Man. i, 1832, 491. 



b. ailceni. 



Junco hyemalis var. ailceni (Eidgw., Mss.). — Aiken, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv, 1872, 201 (Colo- 

 rado). — RiDGW., Am. Nat. vii, 1873, 613, 615 (characterized by two white wing- 

 bands across tip of median and greater coverts, and an additional feather of 

 the tail white).— Coues, Check-list, App. No. 174» ; see Key, 1872, 141 (iu text).— 

 B. B. & E., N. A. B. i, 1874, 584, pi. 26, fig. 6. 



flaZi.— Eastern Province of North America ; in the United States, seen as far west as 

 the Black Hills, thence trending northwest to Alaska. Some straggle southward, west 

 of the Eoeky Mountains (Washington Territory, Suckley ; Utah, Henshaw ; Colorado, 

 Aiken ; Arizona, Coues). Breeds from Maine and New Hampshire northward, and in 

 mountains south to the Middle States, and even to the Graylock Range. Winters 

 from Iowa and Massachusetts, southward. No recorded extralimital localities. Var. 

 a i/iCTi only as yet from mountains of Colorado. (?. '' 



Lieutenant JVarren's Expedition. — 4816, Vermilion Eiver; 5393, Cannon-ball Eiver; 

 8959, Black HiUs. ^ ;i 



Not obtained by Captain Eaynolds' Expedition. 



Besides its general distribution, the course and periods of its migra- 

 tions, as well as its nesting and wintering, may be accurately traced by , ^ ; 

 the above indications. Dr. Hayden's specimen, Ko. 8959, probably [/> 3 ' 

 represents the extreme normal western range of the species in the United ^ 

 States. It breeds in mountains far south of the latitudes where it nests . ' 



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