146 SPIZELLA MONTICOLA, TREE SPARROW. 



SPIZELLA MONTICOLA., (Gra.) Bd. 



Canadian, or Tree Sparrow. 



Fringilla montana, Foest., Philos. Tr. Ixii, 1772, 405; not of Linnceus. 



Fringilla monticola, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 912. 



Spinites monticotus. Cab., Mus. Hein. i, 1851, 134. 



Spizella monlicola, Bd.,.B. N.. A. 1858, 472.— Kennbbly, P. R. R. Rep. x, 1859, iv, 29 

 (Colorado Cbiquito, Arizona, December).— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 

 18G0, 203 (Fort Dalles, January).— Cooes, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1861, 224 (Labrador, 

 snmmer, abundant).— ScL., Cat. 1862, 114.— Hayd., Rep. 1862, 167.— CouES & 

 Pjrent., Smiths. Rep. for 1861 (1862), 412 (Washington, D. C, November to 

 April, very abundant).— Boaedm., Fr. Bost. See. is, 1862, 127 (Calais, Me., in 

 summer, common, breeding early).— Vbrr., ibid. 138 (Anticosti, breeding). — 

 Veek., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 151 (Norway, Me., spring and fall).— Aixbn, Pr. Ess. 

 Inst, iv, 1864, 72 (Springfield, Mass., October to May; also, breeding in East- 

 ern Masaacbnsetts in 1855 ; see Pr. Bost. Soc. v, 213*).— McIlwr., Pr. Ess. Inst. 

 V, 1866, 89 (Hamilton, C. W., winter, common, not known to breed).— CouEs, 

 Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1866, 87 (Arizona,/* Kennerlii).—ComiS, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 

 283.— CouES, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 115 (South Carolina, November to 

 March).- Dall. & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 285 (Alaska, breeding).— 

 TuBNB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 23 (October to April).— Coop., B. Cal. 1, 1870, 205 (queried 

 as occurring in monntai^us of California). — Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 177 

 (Western Kansas, in winter). — Mayn., Guide, 1870, 119 (Massachusetts, early 

 November to late April).— Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871. — Aiken, Ibid. 1872, 

 200 (Wyoming).— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 465.— Coues, Key, 1872, 

 142.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 7.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 3, pi. 27, f. 5. 



Zonotriclda {Spizella) monticola, Geay, Hand-list, No. 7398. 



Passer canadensis, Beiss., Orn. iii, 1760, 102. 



Fringilla canadensis. Lath., lud. Orn. i, 1790, 434^- Bp., Svn. 1828, 109. — Nutt., Man. i, 

 1832, 495.— AuD., Orn. Biog. ii, 1834, 511 ; v, 1839, 504 ; pi. 1b8.— Maxim., ,1. f. 0. 

 vi, 1858, 280. 



Emieriza canadensis, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 252.— AuD., Syn. 1839,- 105.— AuD., B. 

 Am. iii, 1841, 83, pi. 166.— GiK., B. L. I. 1844, 107.— Pdtn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856 

 210 (Essex County, Mass., October to May). — TiiiPPE, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871 

 .(Minnesota, not very common ; not observed in summer). 



Spizetla canadensis, Bp., List, 1838, 33 ; Cousp. Av. i, 1850, 480. 



Fringilla .arborea, WiLS., Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 12, pi. 16, tig. 3. 



Sab. — North America at large, excepting, probably, the Gulf States. Infrequent or 

 casual in the United States west of the Eooky Mountains. Winters high up on the 

 Missouri, and iu corresponding latitudes eastward. Breeds north of the United States, 

 to high latitudes, but also, like the Snow-bird, in mountains within our limits. 



List of specimens. 



Licutcnaiil Warren's Expediiion. — 4509, Cedar Island ; 4510, Medicine River. 

 Later Expeditions. — 61028-31, 61153-62, various Wyoming localities. 



The movements of this interesting species, as well as its general dis- 

 tribution, may be traced in the above quotations. Its western records 

 are still meagre, but sufficient to represent its range in that quarter ; it 

 appears to be, like the Eastern Snow-bird, little if anything more than a 

 straggler west of the Eocky Mountains, some individuals apparently 

 straying southward in that direction from their breeding places in 

 Alaska. Eastward, the Tree Sparrow is one of the most abundant 

 species, wintering in great profusion in the Middle States, Maryland, 

 and Virginia, and some reaching the Carolinas, beyond which it has not, 

 to my knowledge, been traced. It also winters as high as New England, 



* But this instance pros^es to be not .authentic, the Chipping Sparrow having been 

 mistaken for the Tree Sparrow- See Samuels, Orn. and Ool. of New England, 318. 



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