175 



come to lay three "runt" eggs. The ground is white, but uniformly 

 and so completely and thickly freckled in fine pattern with dull, pale 

 reddish-brown, as show as much of this color as of the white. The 

 Cow-bird's egg. is minutely freckled iu the same way, but the colors are 

 darker and more sharply marked. 



Two broods of Towhees are usually reared each season, and sometimes 

 three. The young are very different from the adult, being streaky all 

 over ; yet at a very early age the black of the male, and the rich brown 

 of the opposite sex, respectively appear. 



PIPILO MAOULATUS var. AETICUS, (Sw.) Coues. 

 Arctic Spotted Towliee. 



a. inaculatus. 



Pwilo maeiilatH3,S\v., Philos. Jouru. 1827 (Mexico).— "Jaed. & Selb., 111. pi. 31, 34."— 

 Bp., Consp. i, 1850, 487.— SCL., P. Z. S. Ittri, 304 (Oaxaca,); 1859, 380.-COUES, 

 Key, 1872, 152.— B. B. & E., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 105. 



b. oregonus. 



Pimlo oregmms, Bell., Ann. Lye. N. Y. v, 1852, 6 (Oregon). — Bp., C. R. xxsrii, 1853, 



932; Consp. i, 1850, 487.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 513.— CooB. & Suck.. N. H. Wash. 



Ter. 1860, 200.— Loed, Pr. Roy. Arty. Inst, iv, 1864, 120 (British Columbia).— 



Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 241. 

 Fipilo maculatus var. oregonus, Coues, Key, 1872, 152. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 116, 



figs. 

 Frivgilla arctica, AuD., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 49, pi. 394, nee Sw. 

 Fi^ilo arctica, AuD., Syn. 1839, 123; B. Am.'iii, 1841, 164, pi. 194. 



c. arcticus. 



Piirgila (Plpilo) arctica, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 260, pis. 51, ^ , 52, 9 . 



Pipilo areiicus, Nurr., M.id. i, 1832, 589; iJd ed. i, 1840, 610.— Bp., List, 1838, 35; Consp. 

 i, 1850, 4b7.— Bell, Ann. Lye. N. Y. v, 1852, 7.— Woodh., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 81.— 

 Bd., B. N. a. 1858, 514 (also, var. snharcticus, Id., ihid. 515, in text). — Haydn., 

 Rep. 1862, 168.— Ueess., Ibis, 1865, 492 (Texas).— Hold., Pr. Bost. Soc. 1872, 

 202 (Wyoming).— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 465. 



Pipilo eruthrophihalmus var. arcticus, Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 178. 



Pipilo maculatus var: arcticus, CoUES, Key, 1872, 152. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 119, 

 pi. 31, f. 5, 6. 



d. mcgalonyx. 



Pipilo megalomix, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 515, pi. 73.-Heebm., P. R. R. Eep. x, 1859, pt. vi, 



51.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 89.— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 242. 

 Pipilo maculatus var. mcgalonyx, CouEs, Key, 1872, 152. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 113. 



flaft. —Middle Province. North to the Saskatchewan. South along the Rocky Mount- 

 ains, where it runs into mcgalonyx, of New Mexico, Arizona, and California ; west to 

 Oregon and Washington, there inosculating with oregonus. East to about 43*^ north 

 latitude on the Missouri, where it meets crythroplitlialmus. The typical form Mexican. 



List of speeinieits. 



19277 



178 Powder River.. 



Sept. 24, 1860 G. H. Trook 



8.00 



11.25 



3.50 I 



Lieutenant ll'arren's Expedition. — 4839-40-45, Bon Homme Island ; 4841, The Tower ; 

 4842-43-44-47, Bijoux Hills ; 5387, Fort Pierre ; 5389, Yellowstone River ; 5388-90, Fort 

 Lookout. 



Later Expeditions. — 60382-5, Wyoming. 



The connection of the several spotted Pipilos of the west and of Mexico, I believe 

 first noted by Dr. Sclater, has been amply coiidrmed by subsequent investigation. They 

 unquestionably iutergrade completely, forming geographical races of one species. The 

 question is, whether to this series P. erythrophtlialmus should not also be added. In 

 the Key, I kept it apart and presented the considerations favoring this view, viz., the 

 entire absence of spotting ou the scapulars and back, the stronger sexual distinctions, 

 and the different note — the cry of the western species resembling that of the Cat-bird. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



