PEEISOREUS CANADENSIS VAK. CAPITALIS. 221 



PEEISOEEUS CANADENSIS var. CAPITALIS, Bd. 

 Canada Jay. 



a. canadensis. 



Conus canadensis, Linn., Syet. Nat. i, 1766, 158.— Foest., Phil. Trana. 1772, 332.— G.m., 

 Svst. Nat. i, 1788, a7G.— Wn.s., Am. Orn. iii, 1811, 33, pi. 21, f. 1.— Sab., App. 

 Fraukliii's Journ. r.72.— Bp., Obs. 1824, No. 42; Syn. 1828, 58.— Nutt., Man. i, 

 1832, 232.— Add., Orn. Biog. ii, 1834, 53; v, 1839, 208; pi. 107. 



Garrukis canadensis, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 295.— AtiD., Syn. 1839, 155; B. A. iv, 

 1842, 121, pi. 234.— Pdtn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 228 (Massachusetts, casual).— 

 Trippe, ibid, vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota, resident; breeds). 



Perisoreiis canadensis, Bp., List, 1838, 27 ; Consp. i, 1850, 375.— Cab., Mus. Hein. 1851, 219.— 

 Bd., B. N. a. 1858, 590.— Codes, Pr. Phila. Acad. IKil, 226 (Labrador).— Vep.r., 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 152 (Norway, Me., winter).— BoAHi):vr., Pr. Bost. Sop. ix, 1862, 

 127 (Calais, Me., resident).— Lawr., Ann. Lye. viii, 1866, 289 (New York Island, 

 in summer, accidental).— McIlwr., Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1866, 91 (Canada West).— 

 CODBS, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 286.— Tuenb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 43 (winter strag- 

 gler).— Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871, p. — (Umbagog, in June).- Codes., 

 Key, 1872, 166.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 299, pi. 41, f. 3. 



Dysornithia canadensis, Sw., F. B. A. ii, 131, 495. 



Garndus hrachyrhjnchus, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 296, pi. 55.— NuTT., Man. ii, 1834, 599. 



Garridus fuscus, Vieill., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. xii, 1817, 479; Eucy. Meth. 892. 



" Pica nuchalis, Wagl." — " Coracias m,exicanus, Temm." 



b. obscurus. 



Perisoreus canadensis, Newb., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 1857, 85 (California).— Coop. & Sdck., 

 N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 216 (Washington Territory).— Dali, & Baxn., Tr. 

 Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 286 (Alaska).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 397.— Finsch, Abh. 

 Nat. iii, 1S72, 40 (Alaska). 



Perisoreus canadensis var. obscurus, RiDGW., Bull. Ess. Inst, v, 1874, 199. — Codes, Check- 

 list, 1874, App. No. 239".— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 302. 



b. capitalis. 



Perisoreus canadensis, Hayd., Rep. 1862, 171. — Aj.len, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 179 (mount- 

 ains of Colorado, &c.).— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 465 (Wyoming).— 

 Mere., ibid. 1872, 689 (Idaho and Wyoming). 



Perisoreus canadensis var. capitalis, Bd. — RiDGW., Bull. Ess. Inst, v, 1874, 199. — B. B. & 

 R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 302, pi. 41, f. 4.— Codes, Check-list, 1874, App. No. 239". 



Sab. — North America, to about 39° (further south along high ranges). Breeds from 

 New York, New England, and Minnesota, northward, and in the Eocky Mountains to its 

 southernmost observed limit. Rare straggler to the Middle Atlantic States in winter. 

 Var. capitalis is the Rocky Mountain form. Var. obscurus from Alaska to California. 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 8847, Laramie Peak ; 8848-52, 8855-58, Black Hills. 

 Later Expeditions.— 59865, Colorado; 60819-22, Uintah Mountains; 61083-6, Henry's 

 Fork and Green River ; 62244-48, 62250-53, Idaho and Wyoming. 



Dr. Hayden speaks of this bird as occnrriug ia " myriads " iu the 

 Black Hills, and the dates of his observation leave no doubt of its 

 breeding in that region. In California, Drs. Newberry and Cooper 

 found it common north of 39°; and in Colorado, at about this parallel, 

 Mr. Allen observed it in July, and noted its abundance. The birds 

 mentioned in his list of the vicinity of Mount Lincoln, Park County, 

 Colorado, doubtless breed at or near that point, as he says " the region 

 is strictly alpine in its features. Our camp was iu the valley of the 

 Platte, at an altitude of about 12,000 feet, from whence excursions were 

 made every day by some of the party to the region above the timber, 

 which is here about 13,000 feet above the sea level. Three species 

 [Antlms ludovicianus, Leticosticte tephrocotis, and Lafjopiis leucuriis) were 



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