236 TYRANNUS VERTICALIS, ARKANSAS FLYCATCHER. 



Ann. Lye. vlii, 1865, 183 (Nicaragua).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1670, 311.— Snow. B. 

 Kans. ^73, 3.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872. 179 (Utah and Wyoming).— 

 Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 463.- Merk., ibid. 1872, 689.— Holu.-Aiken, 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. 1872, 205.— COUES, Key, 1872, 169, pi. 2, ligs. 1, 2 ; iig. IIO"- ; lig. 

 111.— B. B. & R., N. A. B.- iii, 1874, 316, pi. 43, f. 4; and of most late 'writers. 

 Muscicapa rex, Bart., Frag. Nat. Hist. Pa. 1799, 18. 



Muscicapa lyrannus, WiLS., Am. Orn. i, 1808, 66, pi. 13, f. 1.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 66.— NuTT., 

 Man. i, 1832, 26.5.— Aud., Orn. Biog. i, 403, v, 420; pi. 79; Syu. 1839, 40; B. 

 Am. i, 204, pi. 56.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 39. 

 Ti/rannus pipiri, Vielli,., Ois. Am. Sept. i, 73, pi. 44. — Cab., J. f. 0. 1855, 478.— ScL., 

 Cat. 1862, 2.36.— GuNDL., Rep. 1865, 239 (Cuba).— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1871, 

 26.— ScL. & Salv., p. Z. S. 1866, 189 (Peru) ; 1870, 837 (Honduras). 

 Ti/rannwi intrepidus, ViEiix., Gal. Ois. i, 1.S24, 214, pi. 133; Ency. Meth. 849.— Sw., Philos. 

 Mag. i, 1827, .368 ; Quart. Journ. xx, 1826, 274.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 

 137.— Bp., List, 1838, 24.— WooDH.. Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 73.— ScL., P. Z. S. 1857, 

 232 ; 1858, 302 (Oaxaca).— Moore, ibid. 1859, 55 (Honduras).- SCL., Ibis, 1859, 

 439.— Sr:niCH., Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 557 (Vera Cruz). 

 " Mjjiarchns intrepidus, Burm.,'' Verz. Mus. Hal. 46 (^Uabanis). 

 Muscicapa animosa, Licht., ^'erz. 1823, 54, No. 558. 

 Tijraiinus leucogaster, Stepii., Gen. Zool. xiii, pt. ii, 1826, 132. 

 Ti/rannus vieillolii, Sw., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 138 (=Gal. Ois. pi. 133). 



Rab. — North America at large. North to " 57° or further " {Bichardaon). West to 

 the Rocky Mountains, beyond which only observed in Washington and Oregon Terri- 

 tories, and British Columbia. Breeds throughout. Winters on our extreme southern 

 border {Audubon), and thence iuto Mexico, Central and South America, to Peru. Cuba, v 

 Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 4692, 4695, Upper Missouri ; 5235-36, near Fort J 

 Pierre, Dakota ; 5237-38," Farm Island, Missouri River; 8095, Fremont, on Platte. 

 Later Expeditions.— 60440, 60765, Wyomiug ; 61770-1, 62287, 62289, Idaho. 



The Missouri furnishes to this and other species a highway across the 

 central plains, of which it readily avails itself, and, crossing the mount- 

 ains of Montana, it occurs in Oregon and Washington Territories. As 

 Mr. Allen observes in a letter to mc, it is " abundant throughout East- 

 ern and Middle Kansas, and more or less common at Colorado City, 

 Denver, Cheyenne and Ogden, indicating for it a more general western 

 range than it was formerly supposed to have, and showing that it may 

 readily reach tbe coast region of Oregon by way of the passes north of 

 the mountains of Colorado, and perhaps, also, by way of the Great 

 Utah Basin and the valley of the Columbia. In Colorado it disappears 

 near the base of the foot-hills, no species of the genus being met with 

 above about 7,000 feet." Mr. Trippe also attests its abundance in Colo- 

 rado, on the plains, and it even straggles as high up as Idaho Springs. 

 Through xs^orthern Dakota, during the whole summer, I found it to be 

 one of the most abundant of all the birds wherever there was any 

 timber. 



TYEANXUS VERTICALIS, Say. 



Arkansas Flycatcher. 



Tyrannus verticals, Say, Long's Exp. ii. 1823, (30.— XrxT., Man. ii, 1840, 360.— Bp., List, 

 1838, 3.5; Consp. i, 1850, 192.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 173.— Heerm., P. R. R. Rep. 

 X, 1859, pt. vi, 37.— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 168.— Hayd., Rep. 

 1862, 157.— Lord, Pr. Arty. Inst, iv, 1864, 113 (British Columbia).— Bryant, Pr. 

 Bost. Soc. X, 1865, 96 (Plympton, Me.).— CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 59.— 

 Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 312.— Sxo\y, B. Ki.ns. 1873, 3.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. 

 Ter. 1870, 433.— Mere., ibid. 1872, 690.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. 1872, 179 (Kan- 

 sas aud westward).— Aiken., Pr. Bost. Soc. 1872, 205.— Coues, Key, 1872, 170, 

 figs. 110% 112.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 324, pi. 43, t. 2. 



Muscicapa verticalis, Bp., Am. Orn. i, 1825, 18, pi. 2, tig. 2. — Bp., Syu. 1828, 67. — NuTT., 

 Man. i, 1832, 273.— Aud., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 422, pi. 359; Syn. 1839, 39: B. 

 Am. i, 1840, 199, pi. 54. 



Laphyctes verticalis. Cab., Mus. Hein. ii, 1859, 77. 



Sab. — Western United States, from Middle Kansas and Western Iowa (Allen, Mem. 

 Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 498), to the Pacific, especially abundant on the high central plains. 



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