CONTOPUS VIEENS, WOOD PEWEE. 245 



the outer limb of an apple-tree. Mr. AiuUibon mentions tbe Magdaleine 

 Islands and Labrador as other localities. In the reverse direction, the 

 bird has been traced in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, but 

 I never saw it in Maryland or Virginia ; and in including it in my South 

 Carolina list I relied entirely upon Prof. li. W. Gibbes, of Charleston. 

 He very likely included it on the strength of Audubon's statement of 

 its occurrence in Georgia. The rarity of the bird, along the whole At- 

 lantic coast south of New England, may be inferred from the foregoing. 

 Turning now to the west, we find Audubon again quoting Nuttall for 

 its occurrence "in the dark fir-woods of the Columbia." This is cor- 

 roborated by Dr. Cooper, who says that the Olive-sided Flycatcher "is 

 very common, arriving early in May, and frequenting the borders of 

 woods, where, from the summit of some tall, dead tree, its loud, melan- 

 choly cry resounds through the day, during the whole of summer. It 

 frequents the small pine-groves along the coast, as well as in the 

 interior, and remains until late iu September." More recently, the 

 same observer gives the species as "resident" in most parts of Cali- 

 fornia, stating that he found them rather common in the coast-range 

 toward Santa Cruz, where they had nests in May ; and saw them at 

 Lake Tahoe in September. Dr. Hayden's, Mr. Allen's, and Mr. Aiken's 

 Rocky Mountain references are above given. There is little doubt that 

 the bird breeds iu places in these regions. In Colorado, according to 

 Mr. Trippe, it breeds, though it is not very common. "This Flycatcher," 

 he says, "arrives at Idaho Springs late in May, and remains till late in 

 August or early in September. It is quite uncommon, only three or 

 four pairs having been observed throughout the summer, and these at 

 widely diiferent points, each pair apparently monopolizing a wide range. 

 It keeps in the tops of the trees, and is an active flycatcher ; its voice 

 is loud and distinct ; and its nest is placed in the top of a pine, and 

 zealously guarded from all intrusion with as much fierceness and energy 

 as the Kingbird's." I did not observe it any season in Arizona, but the 

 presumption is that it visits that Territory, since it is known to go south, 

 through Mexico, and to Central America. But in that region its place 

 seems to be mostly taken by the G. pertinax, a closely allied, but per- 

 fectly distinct Mexican species, there finding, probably, its northern 

 limit. I took a young bird of G. pertinax at Fort Whipple, August 20, 

 doubtless hatched in the vicinity. The differences between G. pertinax 

 and G. borealis are correctly expressed in my paper (Pr. Phila. Acad. 

 1866, 60) and in ray later work, as above quoted. Both are true 

 " Pewees," and in their general economy closely resemble G. virens. 



,/ 



'y CONTOPUS VIEENS, (Linn.) Cab. ^^^ " ~~ 



Wood Pewee. 



MuscAcapa virens, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 327,— Gm., 936.— Lath., Ind. Oru. ii, -182 — 

 LiCHT., Veiz. 1823, 563.— Bp , S.vu. ltJ28, 68,- Kutt., Man. i, 1832, 285.— AuD., 

 Orn. Biog. ii, 1834, 93 ; v, 1839, 425 ; pi. 115 ; Syn. 1839, 42 ; B. Am. i, 1840, 231, 

 pi. 64.— GiE., B. L. I. 1844, 43.— TWPPE, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871, 114'(JIinuesota). 



Tymnnula virens, Bp., List, 1838, 24 ; Consp. i, 18.10, 189.— Woodh., Sitgr'. Rep. 1853,74 



MyioUus virens, Gray, Gen. of B. i, 1840, 249. 



Turantnts virens, Nutt., Man. i, 1840, 316. 



Myiarchns virens. Cab., Wieg. Arch. 1847, 248.— Sci.., P. Z. S. 1855, 150. 



Contopus virens, Cab., J. f. O. iii, 1855, 479; ix, 1861, 248 (Costa Rica); Mus. Hein. ii, 

 1859,71.-SCL., P. Z. S. 1859, 44.-8cl. & Salv., Ibis, 1859, 122, 441.— ScL., Cat. 

 1862, 231 (Vera Paz; Guatemala).— Bd., B. N. A. 18.58, 190.— DiiESS., Ibis, isil,',. 

 474 (Texa9, breeding).- Gundl., Rep. 1865, 239 (Cnba).— McIlwr., Pr. Ess. Inst, 

 vi, 1866, 84 (Canada).— Lawk. , Ann. Lye. ix, 1868, 115 (Costa Eica).— Sumich., 

 Mem. Host. Soc. i, 1869, 557 (Orizaba).— ScL. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1870, 837 (Hon- 



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